Early Infant Emotional Regulation Development
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Questions and Answers

Which temperamental profile is considered optimal?

  • High Reactivity, Low Regulation
  • Low Reactivity, Low Regulation
  • Low Reactivity, High Regulation (correct)
  • High Reactivity, High Regulation

    • What is the risk associated with children who have Low Reactivity and Low Regulation?

  • They may have difficulty regulating their emotions
  • They may appear withdrawn and lack intentional action (correct)
  • They may develop attention or hyperactivity problems
  • They may become easily overwhelmed by stimulation

    • What is the primary function of the amygdala in the context of emotional development?

  • Cognitive control
  • Emotional reactivity (correct)
  • Emotional regulation
  • Attentional processing

    • Which neural region is suggested to be involved in emotional regulation, according to the text?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the aspects of developmental change mentioned in the text?

    <p>Both a) and b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of children is at risk of developing attention or hyperactivity problems?

    <p>High Reactivity, Low Regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of emotions in human survival?

    <p>Emotions are essential for survival as they help individuals navigate the world and respond to environmental stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of 'reactivity' in the context of temperament?

    <p>Reactivity refers to an individual's emotional arousability and how easily they are moved to action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the development of the amygdala is accurate based on the information provided?

    <p>Amygdala volumetric growth is complete by age 4 in girls, while its development in boys follows a different trajectory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between emotional expressiveness and neurocortical maturation, according to the provided information?

    <p>The development of emotional expressiveness is closely linked to the maturation of neurocortical regions involved in emotion regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following statements accurately describes the nature of emotions?

    <p>Emotions are rapid, reactive, and functional responses that typically precede cognitive processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following best describes how caregivers help infants regulate their emotional arousal in the first months of life?

    <p>By controlling infants' exposure to stimulating events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the prefrontal cortex in affect regulation in adults, according to the passage?

    <p>The prefrontal cortex can attenuate amygdala reactivity during emotion regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between temperament and emotional regulation development, according to the passage?

    <p>Temperament is a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and emotional regulation develops in parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect observed in the offspring of monkeys exposed to noise stressors during pregnancy, according to the passage?

    <p>The offspring are highly stress reactive, engage in little exploration, and are clingy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what is the relationship between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex in affect regulation in adults?

    <p>The prefrontal cortex can modulate the amygdala during affect regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment pattern is characterized by a child's resistance to contact with the caregiver upon reunion, despite remaining in close proximity?

    <p>Anxious-Resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Anxious-Avoidant attachment pattern?

    <p>The child largely ignores the caregiver and can be sociable with other adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attachment pattern is highly represented in populations of abused children?

    <p>Disorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical caregiver behavior associated with Anxious-Resistant attachment?

    <p>Unpredictable in their caregiving, leading to anger or helplessness in the child upon reunion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Strange Situation procedure, what is observed during the separation episode for children with a Secure attachment pattern?

    <p>The child shows little distress and explores the environment freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the reunion episode for children with a Disorganized attachment pattern?

    <p>The child approaches the caregiver but then abruptly avoids or resists contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to attachment theory, what is the primary function of attachment behaviors in infants?

    <p>To increase the chances of survival by maintaining proximity to caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the secure base concept proposed by Bowlby?

    <p>It is the caregiver's presence that provides the infant with a sense of security, enabling them to explore the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the developmental phases of attachment, at what stage do infants begin to exhibit stranger anxiety and separation anxiety?

    <p>Specific Attachment (7-9 months)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the Indiscriminate Attachments phase of attachment development?

    <p>Infants enjoy interacting with all people, regardless of familiarity, and do not exhibit stranger anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to attachment theory, which of the following statements accurately describes the separation and reunion episodes observed in infants with secure attachments?

    <p>Infants display moderate distress during separation but are easily soothed upon reunion with the caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the Asocial Phase of attachment development?

    <p>Infants show no particular preference for social stimuli and do not discriminate between caregivers and strangers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the "stranger" in the Strange Situation procedure?

    <p>To elicit stranger anxiety and observe the infant's reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what approximate age does the multiple attachment phase emerge and intensify?

    <p>6-7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the separation and reunion episodes in the Strange Situation procedure?

    <p>To determine the quality of the infant's attachment to the caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavior of a securely attached infant during the Strange Situation procedure?

    <p>Explores the environment freely when the caregiver is present, becomes highly distressed upon separation, and is easily comforted upon reunion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what percentage of North American children exhibit a secure attachment pattern?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the caregiver in the Strange Situation procedure?

    <p>To provide comfort and security for the infant, serving as a secure base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of exposure to 'hospitalism' as described in the text?

    <p>Decreased physical development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental manipulations affect stress-regulatory processes in rats based on the information provided?

    <p>They alter stress-regulatory processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term effect of 'hospitalism' on humans according to the text?

    <p>Odd social behavior persisting into adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of a caregiver moderate the effects of stress hormones as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By mitigating the effects of stress reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does previously institutionalized youth differ from non-institutionalized peers based on the information provided?

    <p>They show odd social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can isolation have on perceptual-motor skills according to the text?

    <p>Disruption of perceptual-motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do environmental manipulations such as handling and maternal separation impact stress-regulatory processes in rats?

    <p>Enhance stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral outcome of individuals experiencing 'hospitalism' as described in the text?

    <p>Odd social behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do previously institutionalized youth differ from non-institutionalized peers?

    <p>Experienced time in orphanages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key effects seen in humans who have experienced 'hospitalism' during childhood?

    <p>Lack of intimate relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact on perceptual-motor skills due to isolation as discussed in the text?

    <p>Retarded physical development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of a caregiver moderate the effects of stress hormones?

    <p>By decreasing sensitivity to negative information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social skills training programs for rejected children?

    <p>Improving social interactions with peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the internalization of feedback particularly detrimental for children with low self-esteem?

    <p>It reinforces their negative self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the expectancy of peer rejection influence a child's behavior when meeting new peers?

    <p>It may set the child up for failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT typically taught in social skills training programs for rejected children?

    <p>Communicating in negative ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do training programs for aggressive-rejected children often target changing faulty social perceptions?

    <p>To improve their social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of aggressive-rejected children?

    <p>They are prone to hostile and threatening behavior, physical aggression, and disruptive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what percentage of rejected children tend to be aggressive?

    <p>40% to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of withdrawn-rejected children?

    <p>They are socially withdrawn, wary, and often timid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, what percentage of rejected children tend to be withdrawn?

    <p>10% to 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to the development of adjustment and behavior problems in rejected children, according to the passage?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding aggressive peers?

    <p>Some aggressive peers develop a network of aggressive friends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the sociometric status of a Controversial Child?

    <p>A child who receives many positive and many negative nominations from peers, indicating they are both liked and disliked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in the text as influencing a child's peer status?

    <p>Academic achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of child is described as being low in social impact, receiving few positive or negative nominations from peers?

    <p>Neglected Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Rejected Children?

    <p>They receive many negative nominations and few positive nominations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the passage, which of the following is a key factor that influences a child's peer status?

    <p>The status of the child's friends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of moral development is characterized by a focus on self-interest and avoiding punishment?

    <p>Preconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of moral development involves the internalization of societal norms and a desire to maintain social order?

    <p>Conventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of moral development is characterized by the development of autonomous moral principles that transcend societal norms?

    <p>Postconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of moral development involves the cognitive process of evaluating the rightness or wrongness of actions?

    <p>Moral reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of moral development is associated with a focus on universal ethical principles, such as justice and human rights?

    <p>Postconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of moral development involves the consideration of the consequences of one's actions on others, rather than a focus on personal gain or societal approval?

    <p>Postconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of moral reasoning in the preconventional morality stage?

    <p>Seeking rewards and avoiding punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the conventional morality stage, moral reasoning is predominantly dictated by:

    <p>Social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scenario provided, Heinz was considering stealing the drug for his wife because:

    <p>He lacked the funds to pay for the drug at its inflated price.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes postconventional morality from preconventional and conventional morality stages?

    <p>Involvement with ideals and moral principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of moral reasoning, as per Kohlberg, would best describe Heinz's potential decision to steal the drug?

    <p>Preconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is most likely to exhibit behavior consistent with conventional morality?

    <p>A young child seeking approval from peers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What moral basis would a proponent of postconventional morality likely argue in the context of Heinz's dilemma?

    <p>Respect for individual rights and ethical principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with postconventional morality?

    <p>Moral reasoning grounded in self-chosen ethical principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Heinz decides not to steal the drug, which level of moral reasoning is he likely operating under?

    <p>Conventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of moral reasoning in the preconventional stage compared to the postconventional stage?

    <p>Focus on avoiding punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might empathy play a role in determining Heinz's course of action in the scenario?

    <p>Justifying theft for his wife's benefit due to strong emotional connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering Heinz's situation, which moral reasoning level might be influenced by fear of punishment?

    <p>Preconventional morality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of neurodiversity?

    <p>Neurodiversity is the idea that individuals with differences in brain function and behavioral traits are part of normal human variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is identified in the text as a factor that can influence human development?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of developmental disabilities?

    <p>Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions due to an impairment in all areas of physical, learning, language, and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about human diversity is supported by the information provided in the text?

    <p>Humans are diverse in many ways, and each individual has many different traits that make them unique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key factor that can contribute to the uniqueness or differences observed in human beings?

    <p>Natural distribution of human variation and genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the overall message or theme conveyed in the text?

    <p>Humans are diverse, with each individual possessing many unique traits and characteristics that contribute to this diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait associated with Autism according to the passage?

    <p>Communication difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of developmental disability is often linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) according to the information provided?

    <p>Autism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can Developmental Disabilities affect based on the passage?

    <p>Physical abilities, learning, and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of developmental disability is commonly characterized by low IQ levels?

    <p>Learning Disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children between ages 3 and 17 have at least one developmental disability?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

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