Phonetics 2 PDF

IPA: CONSONANTS VS. VOWELS ¢ ¢ ¢ The basic concept: air moves through the vocal tract. As the vocal tract changes shape, different sounds are produced. Consonants: produced with some degree of closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from (or sometimes into) the lungs. Consonants...

IPA: CONSONANTS VS. VOWELS ¢ ¢ ¢ The basic concept: air moves through the vocal tract. As the vocal tract changes shape, different sounds are produced. Consonants: produced with some degree of closure in the vocal tract that impedes the flow of air from (or sometimes into) the lungs. Consonants involve more obstruction of the airflow than vowels. 15 IPA: CONSONANTS ¢ Consonants are distinguished using 3 kinds of features: — — — Place of Articulation ¢ Where is the consonant produced? ¢ 7 Place of Articulation features (for English) Manner of Articulation ¢ How is the consonant produced? ¢ 6 different Manner of Articulation features (for English) Voicing ¢ Are the vocal folds vibrating (voiced) or not (voiceless - open glottis)? ¢ Voiced (+) or Voiceless (-) 16 REMEMBER THE VOCAL TRACT ¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. These articulators are involved in the production of linguistic sounds alveolar ridge hard palate soft palate / velum uvula pharynx glottis lips teeth tongue 8 7 9 17 IPA: CONSONANTS – PLACE OF ARTICULATION (IPA symbols are inside [ ] ) ¢ Bilabials: pie [p], buy [b], my [m] Sounds produced by bringing both lips toward each other. 18 Bilabial __it p b m 19