The Discipline of Communication PDF

The Discipline of Communication MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  COMMUNICATION DEFINED Communication has been called the most practical of the academic disciplines (Jones, 2013). Communication can be interpreted in 2 ways: 1. That our everyday communication experience can be used in bu...

The Discipline of Communication MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  COMMUNICATION DEFINED Communication has been called the most practical of the academic disciplines (Jones, 2013). Communication can be interpreted in 2 ways: 1. That our everyday communication experience can be used in building our knowledge and skills to make us effective and ethical communicators; and 2. That this “ordinariness” of communication may lead us to take it for granted. The word communication was derived from the Latin word communicatus, which means common – establishing commonness between participants of communication. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  As Wood (2015) claimed, meaning is the heart of communication. Meanings may be either suggested (implied) or literal (explicit). Whether you like it or not, you are innately communicators and thus are creatures of expressions. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  Communication is both a process and a practice. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  Perspectives of Communication 1. Communication may be regarded as a simultaneous exchange of codes among people who have consensus on the meanings of such codes. 2. Communication is abstract and requires interpretation of every word or utterance as these are merely representatives of one’s thoughts. 3. Communication guides people in creating both their subjective realities (personal beliefs, opinions, and life views about the world) and objective realities (the rules and conventions that govern daily human living). MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  GOALS IN COMMUNICATION Self-presentation goals – presenting oneself in specific ways so that others will view oneself the way they want to. Instrumental goals – practical objectives one wants to achieve or tasks one wants to accomplish. Relationship goals – building, maintaining, or terminating bonds with others. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 1. Source – imagines, creates, and sends the message 2. Message – meaning produced by the source for the receiver 3. Channel – path that messages go between the sender and the receiver 4. Receiver – acquires the communication, analyzes, and interprets itin ways intended and unintended 5. Feedback – response to the source, whether intentional or unintentional 6. Environment – physical and psychological context in which signals are sent and received is the environment 7. Context – setting, situation, and expectations of the individuals engaged all contribute to the context of the communication engagement 8. Interference – known as noise, anything that obstructs or alters the message’s intended meaning MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION a. Intrapersonal Communication b. Interpersonal Communication c. Small Group Communication d. Mass Communication e. Computer-mediated Communication MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION Communication is dynamic. Communication is unrepeatable and irreversible. Communication has no opposite. Communication is affected by culture. Communication is influenced by ethics. Communication is competence-based. Communication is being transformed by media and technology. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  METHODS OF COMMUNICATION Verbal Communication – is communicating with spoken words. Nonverbal Communication – is a process of generating meaning using behavior other than words. Written Communication – is a method of communication that makes use of written symbols, such as standard script (e.g. English alphabet) and numbers. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION To explain how these elements interact during the process of communication, communication models were made: Transmission model MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO Transmission model Also known as linear model of communication This simple and underdeveloped communication model was used in the examination of communication process which led to the creation of more complex communication models and theories It describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a message is transmitted from sender to receiver. The model also acknowledges the effect of noise in the process of communication. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO Interactional model MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO Interactional Model Also known as circular model of communication It describes communication as a two-way process. It shows the alternating role of communicators as sender and receiver in encoding and decoding messages – cyclical process. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO Transaction model MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO Transaction Model It reflects communication in the real world. It highlights the continuous negotiation of meanings. It recognizes that people come into communication with preconceived ideas, beliefs, past experiences, and social influences among others – referred as the field of experience (yellow and blue surrounding the person) MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  Critical thinking – the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe (and) to engage in reflective and independent thinking… (thus) is not a matter of accumulating information. MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO  PROBLEMS/ISSUES Relations with politics and the state Cultural and social issues Political campaigns and propaganda Cultural and economic globalization Citizen participation and democracy Quality of cultural life and cultural production War, peace, and terrorism Questions of identity Making of foreign policy Definition and mediation of social experience Oppression, liberation, and revolution instates Crime, violence, pornography, and deviance Civil peace and order and disorder Emerging information society Problem of information inequality Consumerism and commercialism Use and quality of leisure time Normative questions Power and effects Freedom of speech and expression Communicating effectively Social and cultural inequality, class, ethnicity, Shaping of fashion and celebrities gender, and sexuality relations Formation and change of public opinion Media norms, ethics and professionalism Media policy and regulation Media concentration and diversity MS. NIKKI H. BARREDO