Role of Livestock in National Economy PDF

Livestock Production and Management Place of Livestock in the National Economy Dr. M.P. Verma Assistant Professor  Animal Husbandry: Animal Husbandry account for livestock production in relationship with breeding, feeding...

Livestock Production and Management Place of Livestock in the National Economy Dr. M.P. Verma Assistant Professor  Animal Husbandry: Animal Husbandry account for livestock production in relationship with breeding, feeding, management and health of animals, in addition to efficient and economic handling, processing, marketing and distribution of livestock produce and its by product. Livestock management: Livestock management include the improved husbandry practices with respect to breeding, weeding, feeding and management to get optimum production from the livestock. Weeding: Culling of inferior animals of low production. Feeding : Providing well balance ration having all necessary feed nutrients, minerals, and vitamins in correct and optimum quantities of animals in relation to their maintenance, production, reproduction and draft power. Management: The process in which sanitation, diseases control, comfortable chief housing system and efficient livestock management system to get the hiest level of production within the reasanable cost.  National Economy Livestock plays an important role in Indian economy. About 20.5 million people depend upon livestock for their livelihood. It also provides employment to about 8.8 % of the population in India. India ranks first in milk production, accounting for 22 % of world production. World milk production 843 million tones in 2018. Milk production 187.75 million tones in the year 2019 The per capita availability of milk in India has increased from 176 grams per day in 1990-91 to 394 grams per day by 2019.  National Economy Share of livestock in GDP is 4.9 % (2017-18) Livestock population as per Livestock Census 2019 (1919) Total Livestock Population 535.78 Million First in the total buffalo population in the world (109.85 million). Second in the population of cattle (192.49 million) and goats (148.88 million) Third in the population of sheep (74.26 millions) Fifth in in the population of poultry (851.81 million) Tenth in camel population in the world (0.25 million). Wool production in India 41.5 million kg. Meat production in India 7.7 million Tones Egg production in India 95.2 million  National Economy Rank Sector 1st Total Livestock Population, Milk Production, Cattle Population, Buffalo Population, Carabeef Production, Goat Milk Production, Total Bovine Population 2nd Goat Population, Fish Production 3rd Sheep Production, Egg Production 4th Chicken Production 5th Poultry Meat Production, Poultry Production, Meat production 8th Duck Production 9th Camel Population, Wool Production  Rank of countries in world Livestock First rank India’s position % share population country in in world world Buffalo India 1 st 57.8 Goat India 1 st 17.9 Cattle Brazil 2nd 15.1 Sheep China 2nd 7.1 Chicken China 5 th 4.7 Camel Somalia 10 th 2.2  Livestock Population (2019 Livestock Census) Sl. No Species Number Ranking in the world (in millions) population 01 Cattle 192.49 Second 02 Buffaloes 109.85 First Total (including Mithun and Yak) 302.79 First 03 Sheep 74.26 Third 04 Goats 148.88 Second 05 Total livestock 535.78 06 Total poultry 851.81 Seventh 07 Camel 0.25 Tenth  The livestock importance Food: The livestock provides food items: Milk, Meat and Eggs for human consumption. Fibre and skins: The livestock also contributes to the production of wool, hair, hides, and pelts. Leather is the most important product. India is producing about 47.9 million Kg of wool per annum. Draft: Bullocks are the back bone of Indian agriculture. -Despite lot of advancements in the use of mechanical power in Indian agricultural operations, the Indian farmer especially in rural areas still depend upon bullocks for various agricultural operations. -The bullocks are saving a lot on fuel which is a necessary input for using mechanical power like tractors, combine harvesters etc.  Dung and other animal waste materials: Dung and other animal wastes serve as very good farm yard manure and the value of it is worth several crores of rupees. In addition it is also used as fuel (bio gas, dung cakes), and for construction as poor man’s cement (dung). Role of livestock in farmers’ economy Income: Livestock is a source of subsidiary income. Cows and buffaloes provide milk. Animals like sheep and goat serve as sources of income as to sale of animals and goat milk. Employment: Agriculture being seasonal in nature could provide employment for a maximum of 180 days in a year. Food: The livestock products such as milk, meat and eggs are an important source of animal protein to the members of the livestock owners. Draft : The bullocks are the back bone of Indian agriculture. Marginal and small depend upon bullocks for ploughing, carting and transport. Dung: Dung is used for several purposes which include fuel (dung cakes), fertilizer (farm yard manure) ans gober gas.