Gomez Biology Fall Study Guide 2024 PDF

**Fall Final Review 2024** *The following study guide should help you focus your efforts to prepare for the final exam.* **Chemistry of Life** 1. Draw an atom, and label each particle: 2. What are the charges for each particle in an atom? 3. Which particle determines the identity of an atom?...

**Fall Final Review 2024** *The following study guide should help you focus your efforts to prepare for the final exam.* **Chemistry of Life** 1. Draw an atom, and label each particle: 2. What are the charges for each particle in an atom? 3. Which particle determines the identity of an atom? 4. Which particle determines the reactivity of an atom? 5. How do we determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom? 6. Draw a molecule of water and show its polarity: 7. Define the following: -Hydrogen bond: -Adhesion: -Cohesion: -Polarity: -Surface tension: -Capillary action: 8. How do capillary action, adhesion, and cohesion work together to allow water to flow up plants against gravity? 9. Define the following: -Monomer: -Polymer: -Macromolecule: 10. Complete the following table: +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **(Common | **Monomer/* | **Polymer** | **General | **Examples* | | Elements)** | * | | Function(s) | * | | | | | (Roles)** | | | | **Subunits* | | | | | | * | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ **Cell Biology** 1. What things are required for something to be considered \"alive\" (8 qualities of life)? 2. List the 3 parts of Cell Theory: 3. List and define the Levels of Organization Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic 1. What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? 2. What cell parts do ALL cells always have (whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic)? 3. Complete the following table: P= Prokaryote, EA = Eukaryote Animal, EP= Eukaryote Plant Types of Cell (Place an "X") ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ --- ---- ---- Organelle Function P EA EP Vesicle Vacuole Lysosome Ribosome Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi body Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cell Wall Central Vacuole Cytoskeleton Cytoplasm **Cell Transport** 1. What is the difference between active and passive transport? 2. Define the following: -Passive Transport: -Tonicity: -Hypotonic: -Hypertonic: -Isotonic: -Osmosis: -Concentration gradient: -Active Transport: 3. Draw and label and phospholipid bilayer: 4. Label the solutions below (even numbers) and draw arrows for the direction that water will flow (odd numbers) **Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration** Enzymes 1. What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? 2. What do enzymes do? Why do we need them? 3. What are some factors that can speed up/slow down an enzyme\'s reaction speed? ATP 1. What is ATP? What does the cell use it for? 2. Draw and label an ATP molecule below: Photosynthesis 1. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 2. What are the parts of a chemical equation? 3. What organelle performs photosynthesis? 4. What organisms perform photosynthesis? Cellular Respiration 1. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 2. What organelle performs cellular respiration? 3. What organisms perform cellular respiration? **Cell Division** 1. Why do cells have to be small? Include surface area to volume ratio in your explanation. 2. What are the 3 stages of interphase? What happens during each stage? 3. Label and explain what happens at each stage of the cell cycle:  4. Define the following: -Chromatid: -Sister chromatids: -Homologous chromosomes: -Karyotype: -Karyogram: -Autosome: -Sex chromosomes: -Monosomy: -Trisomy: 5. What is the normal number of chromosomes in humans? 6. What are the sex chromosomes for males and females? 7. List and explain what happens at each step of mitosis. 8. Compare mitosis and meiosis: Property Mitosis Meiosis ------------------- --------- --------- Divisions Types of Cells Function Ploidy Daughter Cells Genetic Variation