Exam 2 Study Guide (Lectures 6-11) PDF

Lecture exam 2 study guide Lectures 6 to 11. The following questions are for lecture exam 2 which covers the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, joints, muscle histology, axial and appendicular muscles. Chapter 6 Axial Skeleton Study Guide Again, the study guide is meant to make you look at t...

Lecture exam 2 study guide Lectures 6 to 11. The following questions are for lecture exam 2 which covers the axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, joints, muscle histology, axial and appendicular muscles. Chapter 6 Axial Skeleton Study Guide Again, the study guide is meant to make you look at the slides and point out what I feel is important. A lot of people answer the study guide as they watch the videos to help with their notes. Again, these are not the test questions but similar to them. Multiple Choice Questions ### Part 1 Axial vs appendicular. Cranial vs Facial. Paired vs unpaired. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 6. 7. ### Part 2,3,4 Cranial and Facial bones This is the big segment. For the majority here, I'll give a bone and ask what landmarks are on it or I will give landmarks and ask about the bone.  1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2. 9. 10. 11. 3. 12. 4. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 5. 6. 7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. ### Sinus, suture, soft spots 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. ### Vertebrae and ribs I want to focus on specific vertebrae, \#s of vertebrae and curvatures. You\'ll notice I have the opposite question of that of the occipital bone here too. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5. 6. 7. 8. ### Ribs and sternum 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 5. 6. 7. 8. Short response Questions 2. Draw a cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae from the superior view. Label (on any of them) the body, transverse processes, arch, and spinous process. Then identify (label) what makes the cervical and thoracic different from the lumbar. (So, label the transverse foramen on the cervical and the transverse facets on the thoracic. 3. Contrast the axis, atlas, and a normal cervical vertebra (C3-7). What features do they all have? What features does the atlas not have? What feature does the axis have extra? 4. First explain how ribs are attached to the thoracic vertebrae (2 points of attachment, what are they). Next explain the difference between a true rib and the false rib and differentiate the 2 floating ribs from the other 3 false ribs. Chapter 7 Appendicular Skeleton Study Guide Again, the study guide is meant to make you look at the slides and point out what I feel is important. A lot of people answer the study guide as they watch the videos to help with their notes. Again, these are not the test questions but similar to them. Multiple Choice Questions Expect 20 M/C questions. Most of them will be similar to the X landmark is found on which bone Here are the questions for the appendicular skeleton. I plan to ask 1 or 2 questions per bone.  I left on my old questions where I just asked what landmark was on bone. For your test, I will not only ask about what landmarks are on each bone but where also where the landmark is (proximal vs distal. Anterior/lateral/medial/posterior) General questions. 1. 1. I could ask, which bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton. Pectoral gridle and general questions. 1. What are the 2 ends of the clavicle. Which end is lateral? Which is medial? 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Arm and hand 1. **Humerus** 1. What bone does the **head** articulate with? 2. Where is the **deltoid** **tuberosity**? 3. What bone does the **Capitulum** articulate with? 4. What bone does the **Trochlea** articulate? 5. What is the importance of the medial and lateral **epicondyle?** 6. Which landmarks are proximal? Which are distal? 7. Is the **trochlea** medial or lateral? 8. Is the **capitulum** lateral or medial? 9. Does the humerus have **tubercle** or **trochanters**? 10. What is the structure called between the greater and lesser **tubercle**? 2. **Ulna** 11. Is the **head** proximal or distal? What is the name of the **notch** on the **radius** that the **head of the ulna** articulates with? 12. What **notch** is on the **ulna** and what bone does it articulate with? 13. What are the 3 processes of the ulna? Which is distal which 2 are proximal? 14. What does the **trochlear** **notch** articulate with? What does the **radial** **notch** articulate with? 1. Which end (proximal/distal) are these on? 15. Which side of your wrist is the styloid process on (pinky/thumb)? 16. In anatomical position, which side is the ulna on? 3. **Radius** 17. Is the **head** proximal or distal? 18. What landmark on the **humerus** does the **radial** **head** articulate with? 19. What landmark (notch) on the **ulna** does the **radial** **head** articulate with? 20. Is the **styloid** **process** distal or proximal? 21. Is the **styloid** **process** thumb side or pinky side? 22. In anatomical position, which side is the radius on? 23. Is the **ulnar** **notch** proximal or distal? 4. **Other upper limb questions** 24. What bone has the **ulnar** **notch**? 25. What bone has the **radial** **notch**? 26. What bone is the **intertubercular** **sulcus** found on? 27. How many carpals are there? 28. How many Metacarpals are there? 29. Which "finger" only has 2 phalanges? Hips 1. 1. What is an Os Coxae? What are the 3 bones 2. How do I tell a male from a female hip bone from each other? 3. Which bone has a crest? 4. Which 2 bones have rami (plural of ramus)? 5. Which bone has a spine and a tuberosity? Legs and Feet 2. **For the femur** 6. Does it have trochanters or tubercles? 7. Which end (proximal or distal) is the head on? 8. Which end (proximal or distal) are the condyles on? 9. What does the head articulate with? 10. The condyles articulate with what bone? 11. Where is the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity? 12. Where are the epicondyles? 3. Tibia and Fibula 13. Which malleolus is on the tibia, and which is on the fibula? 14. What do both the condyles of the tibia articulate with? 15. Which is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg? 4\. **Feet** 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Short response questions - - Chapter 8 Joints Study Guide Again, the study guide is meant to make you look at the slides and point out what I feel is important. A lot of people answer the study guide as they watch the videos to help with their notes. Again, these are not the test questions but similar to them. Multiple Choice Questions Expect 20 M/C questions. 1. What is the definition of a joint? 2. What are the 2 most stable of the 3 joint classes? Why? 3. As a joint becomes more movable, what happens to stability? 4. As a joint becomes more stable, what happens to mobility? 5. What are the 3 structural classifications of joints? (I'll give a definition and you give me the name) 6. What are the 3 functional classifications of joints? (I'll give a definition and you give me the name) 7. Define the following and say where it is found? a. Gomphosis b. Syndesmosis c. Suture. 8. What are the 4 named sutures we talked about? What bones are the found between? 9. What are fontanelles? 10. Define the following and say where it is found. Be sure to state the type of cartilage d. synchondrosis e. Symphysis 11. What is the difference between an extra and an intra capsular ligament? 12. What is synovial fluid? What is its function? 13. What is articular cartilage? What is its function 14. What are articular discs or menisci? f. What 4 joints that have them? g. What type of cartilage is a meniscus? 15. What is a bursae? 16. What is a **tendon sheath?** 17. **What is rotational motion?** h. **What 3 joints that I gave you are pivot joints?** 18. Define i. Flexion j. Extension k. Abduction l. Adduction m. Plantar flexion n. Dorsiflexion i. Note, I may give an example and ask what it is too! 19. Define each of the following. What were the examples of each given? o. **Plane joint** p. **Hinge joint** q. **Pivot joint** r. **Condylar joint** s. **Saddle joint** t. **Ball-and-socket joint** ii. Again, I may say, what type of joint is your elbow. 20. What is special about the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) u. What is the disc made out of? What additional movement does this disc allow? v. Are you convinced I'll ask a fibrocartilage joint somewhere? 21. What are the tendons and ligaments I gave you on the shoulder joint? 22. What are the tendons and ligaments I gave you on the knee joint? 23. What are the tendons and ligaments on the elbow? 24. What are the tendons and ligaments on the hip? Short response questions 1. Describe each of the synovial joints based on how the bones move and their actions 2. Explain the following actions 1. Abduction 2. Adduction 3. Flexion 4. Extension 5. Supination 6. Pronation 7. Invert 8. Evert 9. Elevation 10. Depression 3. List the fibrous and cartilaginous joints and give their descriptions. Chapter 9 Muscle Histology Multiple Choice Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 8. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 14. 15. 16. 17. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 18. 19. 20. 31. 32. Short response questions - Chapter 10 Axial Muscles Multiple Choice Questions ------------------------- **Muscles of the head and neck** **For the insertions, origins, and actions covered in lecture. Location and actions are on the test. Knowing those will help you with the actions of the muscles. Essentially any muscle is fair game for the action (but it will be the action I gave you in class). I will also ask about layering** **Note: these don't go in perfect order.** **A. Vocabulary terms.** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **B. Actions of muscles** You will be asked what muscle does X. For the facial muscles, I am looking for the common expression (such as wink, pucker mouth). For the mastication muscles, I am looking for which ones open and which ones close in addition to that they chew. I suggest flash cards for this. Note the table does not reflect the actions and origins you need for the online activities. +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Muscle Name** | **Primary | **Muscle Name** | **Primary | | | Action** | | Action** | | | | | | | | **(give 1)** | | **(give 1)** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Facial | **Mastication | | | | Expression** | (chewing, | | | | | opening & | | | | | closing | | | | | mouth)** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Frontalis** | | **Masseter** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Occipitalis** | | **Temporalis** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Orbicularis | | **External | | | oculi** | | pterygoid** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Levator | | **Internal | | | palpebrae | | pterygoid** | | | superioris** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Zygomaticus | | **Buccinator** | | | Major** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Orbicularis | | **Digastric** | | | Oris** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Depressor | | **Sternohyoid** | Stabilizes | | Anguli Oris** | | | hyoid for | | | | | digastric and | | | | | myohyoid | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Mentalis** | | **Myohyoid** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Neck | **Respiration | | | | Muscles** | (inhalation or | | | | | exhalation)** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Sternocleidom | | **Diaphragm** | | | astoid** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Splenius | | **External | | | capitis** | | Intercostal** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Digastric** | | **Internal | | | | | Intercostal** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Sternohyoid** | | **Scalene** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Abdominal | **Back | | | | Muscles** | Muscles** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Rectus | | **Trapezius** | | | abdominis** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **External | | **Erector | | | oblique** | | Spinae group** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Internal | | | | | oblique** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Transverse | | | | | abdominis** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ **C. Other Questions** 1. Are the intercostals found on the ribs or between the ribs? 2. What are the 3 openings in the diaphragm and what passes through each one? 3. How are the abdominal muscles layered? I can ask superficial to deep or deep to superficial? 4. What are the tendinous Intersection? 5. What is the linea alba? 6. What are the muscles associated with the hyoid bone? Short response questions - Draw or explain the arrangement of the abdominal muscles. Include the direction of the fibers and where they run from/to. Also include the arrangement of the linea alba and tendinosis intersections in the rectus abdominus. (this may be a diagram to label) - Explain the muscles of mastication that were presented. Which ones open and which ones close the mouth? Also explain the arrangement of the 3 hyoid muscles talked about in lecture. How do they help to open the mouth? - Explain the role of axial muscles that maintain posture. Discuss the actions of specific muscles such as the erector spinae group, obliques, and rectus abdominis in spinal flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. Chapter 11 Appendicular Muscles Multiple Choice Questions ------------------------- For origins and insertions will be a follow-up activity. Location and actions are on the test. Knowing those will help you with the actions of the muscles. Essentially any muscle is fair game for the action (but it will be the action I gave you in class).   For the essay question, expect me to ask what muscles are located in a compartment and what their shared action is.  A**. Muscle Actions**. You will be asked what X does. For the shoulder stabilizers, I really am looking to stabilize the shoulder. Also, I am looking for both actions of the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Muscle Name** | **Primary | **Muscle Name** | **Primary | | | Action** | | Action** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Rotator Cuff | **Scapula | | | | Muscles** | Stabilizers** | | | | | | | | | I'm looking | I'm looking | | | | more for | more for that | | | | stabilizing the | they stabilize | | | | humerus and | the scapula and | | | | rotation than | from where not | | | | their specific | their technical | | | | actions. | actions. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Teres Minor** | | **Rhomboid | | | | | (Both)** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Infraspinous* | | **Trapezius | | | * | | (last | | | | | lecture)** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Supraspinous* | | **Pectoralis | | | * | | Minor** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Subscapularis | | **Serratus | | | ** | | Anterior** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Upper Arm** | **Lower Arm** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Teres Major** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Pectoralis | 1. | **Palmaris | | | Major** | | Longus** | | | | 2\. Medial | | | | | flex humerus | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Latissimus | 1. | **Flexor carpi | | | Dorsi** | | radialis** | | | | 2\. Laterally | | | | | extend | | | | | humerus | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Deltoid** | | **Flexor carpi | | | | | ulnaris** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Coracobrachia | | **Brachioradial | | | lis** | | is | | | | | (at origin)** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Biceps | 1. | **Extensor | | | Brachii** | | digitorum** | | | | 2\. Supinate | | | | **(at | | | | | insertion)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Brachialis** | | **Extensor | | | | | carpi | | | | | radialis** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Triceps | | **Extensor | | | brachii** | | carpi ulnaris** | | | | | | | | **(Shared | | | | | action of all 3 | | | | | heads)** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Anterior and | **Posterior | | | | Medial Upper | upper leg and | | | | Leg** | lower Leg** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Tensor fascia | | **Semitendinosu | | | latte** | | s** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Gluteus | | **Semimembranos | | | Maximus** | | us** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Rectus | | **Biceps | | | Femoris** | | Femoris** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Vastus | | **Gastrocnemius | | | medialis** | | ** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Vastus | | **Soleus** | | | Lateralis** | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Adductor | | **Tibialis | | | magnus** | | Anterior** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Gracilis** | | **Fibularis | | | | | Longus** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ Notes: - - - **B. Compartments (this is duplicated in the essay questions).** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. **C. Other Questions** 1. Would an anatomist find the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior with origins On the ribs or Between the ribs? 2. What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles? 3. Why does your teacher hate the sartorius and is he bitter he has to teach it? Short response questions ------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - -