Anatomy Muscles Study Guide PDF

BIOL 210 Lab Practical #3 Objectives Lab Practical Date: TBA The muscular system lab practical will consist of identifying muscles (and associated structures) on muscle models and dissected cat specimens. Note #1: Most (but not all) muscles listed here will also requ...

BIOL 210 Lab Practical #3 Objectives Lab Practical Date: TBA The muscular system lab practical will consist of identifying muscles (and associated structures) on muscle models and dissected cat specimens. Note #1: Most (but not all) muscles listed here will also require knowing the origin/insertion/action. You will be tested on the origin/insertion/action of each muscle on the lecture exam and NOT the lab practical. Note #2: The images from lab models and Complete Anatomy images will both be used for both the Quiz and LP (see below). See leg and arm muscle pdf on the Muscles Page for more images of models. Assignment: Create a study guide for muscle identification using Complete Anatomy and the model images attached below (20 points). Identify each muscle in the list below. Refer to Origin and Insertion list for reference. Details for this assignment will be detailed on Zoom. (Note that the model images below are incomplete-supplementary images will be provided shortly). Muscles to Identify on Models around the Lab 1. MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION (and associated structures) Corugator supercilli Orbicularis oculi Depressor anguli oris Orbicularis oris Frontalis Galea aponeurotica Buccinator Risorius Mentalis Zygomaticus major 2. MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Masseter Medial pterygoid (ID only) Temporalis Digastric (ID only) Lateral pterygoid 3. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD Sternocleidomastoid Splenius capitis 4. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER (SCAPULA) Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Pectoralis minor Rhomboid minor Trapezius Serratus anterior 5. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM (HUMERUS) Rotator cuff muscles: Deltoid 1. Teres minor Latissimus dorsi 2. Subscapularis 3. Supraspinatus Pectoralis major 4. Infraspinatus Teres major 6. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM (RADIUS AND/OR ULNA) Brachialis Coracobrachialis (ID only) Brachioradialis Triceps brachii Biceps brachii 7. MUSCLES ACTING ON ABDOMINAL WALL (and associated structures) Rectus abdominis Internal oblique Transversus abdominis External oblique Linea alba Abdominal aponeurosis Thoracolumbar fascia 8. MUSCLES MOVING WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS (and associated structures) Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor retinaculum Flexor carpi radialis Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Pronator teres (ID only) 9. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THIGH (FEMUR) and/or LEG (TIBIA, FIBULA) Quadriceps femoris muscles: Gluteus medius 1. Rectus femoris Adductor longus 2. Vastus medialis 3. Vastus lateralis Adductor magnus 4. Vastus intermedius Gracilis Sartorius Hamstring muscles: Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) 1. Semimembranosus Illiotibial tract (IT Band) 2. Semitendinosus 3. Biceps femoris Illiopsoas Psoas major (Pelvic model only) Iliacus (Pelvic model only) Gluteus maximus 10. MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES (and associated structures) Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Gastrocnemius Flexor hallucis longus Soleus Extensor hallucis longus Fibularis longus Achilles/Calcaneal Tendon Extensor retinaculum Plantar aponeurosis  BIOL 210 HUMAN MUSCLE LIST (origin/ insertion/action) This is a list of muscles that can be identified on models in our lab. Know origin/insertion/action for each muscle. Quiz 3 will cover the muscles of facial expression, mastication and those that move the head. Red=Origin | Blue= Insertion. NOTE: Muscle origins/insertions/actions (o/i/a) will not appear on the lab practical—only a quiz and lecture exam. DO NOT PROCRASTINATE IN YOUR STUDY OF THESE MUSCLES! MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION Depressor anguli oris mandible skin at corner of pulls corner of mouth mouth downward (frowning) Frontalis Galea aponeurotica skin superior to orbit raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead Levator palpebrae roof of orbit (lesser skin of upper eyelid elevates upper superioris wing of sphenoid) eyelid (opens eye) Corrugator supercilii upper medial eyebrow furrows brow border of orbit Buccinator maxillae and orbicularis oris compresses cheek mandible (kissing) Mentalis mandible skin of chin elevates and protrudes lower lip; (pouting) Orbicularis oculi medial wall of orbit circular path around closes eye orbit Orbicularis oris muscle fibers skin at corner of shapes lips during surrounding mouth mouth speech  Platysma fascia over deltoid mandible draws lower lip and pectoralis downward and major. backwards (grimacing) Risorius fascia over parotid skin at corner of draws angle of mouth mouth laterally (tenseness) Zygomaticus major zygomatic bone skin at corner of draws angle of mouth mouth upward (smiling) MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Masseter maxilla and ramus and angle elevates mandible zygomatic arch of mandible Temporalis parietal bone coronoid process elevates mandible of mandible Lateral pterygoid greater wing and mandibular Depresses lateral pterygoid condyle mandible (opens process of mouth) sphenoid MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD Splenius capitis 7th cervical and occipital bone and extension of head first T1-T3 thoracic mastoid process and neck vertebrae Sternocleidomastoid sternum and mastoid region of flexion and rotation clavicle temporal bone of the neck and head MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER (SCAPULA) Levator scapulae transverse vertebral border of elevates scapula processes of C1- scapula C4 Pectoralis minor ribs 3-5 coracoid process pulls scapula of scapula anteriorly Trapezius occipital bone, clavicle and elevates clavicle, spinous processes acromion and adducts, elevates of 7th cervical and spine of scapula or depresses all thoracic scapula; extends vertebrae head Rhomboid major spinous processes i. vertebral border adducts scapula (rhomboideus major) of 2nd to 5th of scapula thoracic vertebrae Rhomboid minor spinous processes s. vertebral border adducts scapula (rhomboideus minor) of 7th cervical and of scapula 1st thoracic vertebrae Serratus anterior upper 9 ribs vertebral border of protracts scapula scapula MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM (HUMERUS) Deltoid acromion process deltoid tuberosity abducts, flexes, and spine of of humerus extends, and scapula; clavicle medial or lateral rotation of arm Latissimus dorsi lumbar and lower intertubercular extends, adducts, thoracic sulcus of humerus rotates arm vertebrae; sacral medially and iliac crest Pectoralis major clavicle, sternum intertubercular flexes, adducts, sulcus and rotates arm medially Teres major inferior lateral intertubercular extension and border of scapula sulcus medial rotation of arm Rotator cuff muscles Teres minor middle lateral greater tubercle Arm extension and border of scapula adduction; lateral rotation of arm Subscapularis subscapular fossa lesser tubercle rotates arm of scapula medially Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa greater tubercle Abduction of arm of scapula Infraspinatus infraspinous fossa greater tubercle Adduction and of scapula lateral rotation MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM (RADIUS AND/OR ULNA) Brachialis anterior, distal coronoid process flexes forearm humerus of ulna Brachioradialis distal humerus superior to styloid flexes forearm process of radius Biceps brachii long head: radial tuberosity flexes forearm; supraglenoid supinates tubercle; short head: coracoid process Pronator quadratus distal ulna distal radius, pronation anteriolateral surface Triceps brachii long head: inferior olecranon of ulna extension of to glenoid cavity; forearm medial and lateral head: humerus MUSCLES ACTING ON ABDOMINAL WALL Rectus abdominis pubic bone and costal cartilages compression of pubic symphysis (ribs 5-7) and abdomen xiphoid process Transversus abdominis Thoracolumbar linea alba and compression of fascia, costal pubis abdomen cartilages of ribs 6-12,iliac crest Internal oblique Thoracolumbar last four ribs, costal compression of fascia, inguinal cartilages of ribs abdomen, rotation ligament, iliac 8-10, and linea of vertebral crest alba column External oblique inferior 8 ribs (5-12) iliac crest, linea [Same as above] alba MUSCLES MOVING WRIST, HAND, AND FINGERS Extensor carpi radialis longus lateral epicondyle 2nd metacarpal extension and of humerus abduction of wrist Extensor carpi ulnaris lateral epicondyle 5th metacarpal Extension and of humerus adduction of wrist Flexor carpi ulnaris medial epicondyle carpals and 5th flexes and adducts of humerus metacarpal wrist Flexor carpi radialis medial epicondyle 2nd and 3rd Flexes and abduct of humerus metacarpals wrist Flexor digitorum superficialis medial epicondyle middle phalanges flexes middle of humerus phalanges Extensor digitorum lateral epicondyle 2nd through 5th extends phalanges of humerus phalanges Palmaris Longus medial epicondyle palmar aponeurosis weak flexor of wrist of humerus (sometimes absent) MUSCLES THAT MOVE THIGH (FEMUR) and/or LEG (TIBIA, FIBULA) Quadriceps femoris  Rectus femoris anterior inferior Patella, tibial Extends lower leg iliac spine tuberosity and flexes thigh Vastus medialis linea aspera [same as above] [same as above] Vastus lateralis linea aspera [same as above] [same as above] Vastus intermedius anterior femur [same as above] [same as above] Hamstrings Semimembranosus ischial tuberosity medial condyle of flexes lower leg tibia and extends thigh Semitendinosus ischial tuberosity proximal, medial flexes lower leg tibia and extends thigh Biceps femoris long head: ischial head of fibula and flexes lower leg tuberosity; short lateral condyle of and extends thigh head: linea aspera tibia Psoas major (pelvic model transverse lesser trochanter flexes and rotates only) processes of thigh laterally lumbar vertebrae Iliacus (pelvic model only) iliac fossa tendon of psoas [same as psoas major major] Gluteus maximus iliac crest, sacrum gluteal tuberosity & Abducts thigh, and coccyx. iliotibial tract extends thigh, rotates thigh laterally Gluteus medius ilium greater trochanter abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially Gluteus minimus ilium greater trochanter abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially Adductor longus pubic symphysis linea aspera adducts thigh Adductor magnus rami of pubis and linea aspera adducts thigh ischium Gracilis pubic bone proximal, medial adducts thigh tibia Sartorius anterior superior proximal, medial flexes leg, flexes iliac spine tibia thigh, and rotates it laterally, thus crossing the leg Tensor fasciae latae iliac crest tibia by way of the flexes and abducts iliotibial tract thigh MUSCLES THAT MOVE FOOT AND TOES Tibialis anterior lateral condyle 1st metatarsal and dorsiflexes and and shaft of tibia medial cuneiform inverts foot Gastrocnemius lateral and medial calcaneus by way plantar flexes foot condyles of femur of Achilles tendon Soleus head of fibula and calcaneus by way plantar flexes foot medial border of of Achilles tendon tibia Fibularis longus (formerly head of fibula and 1st metatarsal plantar flexes and known as the peroneus lateral condyle of everts foot longus) tibia Extensor digitorum longus Lateral condyle of middle and distal dorsiflexes and tibia phalanges of all everts foot and toes except big toe extends toes Flexor hallucis longus Posterior surface of inferior surface of flexes big toe fibula distal phalanx of big toe Extensor hallucis longus anterior surface of distal phalanx of dorsiflexes and fibula big toe inverts foot and extends big toe  MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Depressor anguli Frontalis oris O: galea O:mandible aponeurotica I: skin at corner of I: skin superior to mouth orbit A:pulls corner of A: raises mouth downward eyebrows and (frowning) wrinkles forehead Levator palpebrae Corrugated superioris Supercili O: roof of orbit O: upper medial (lesser wing of border of orbit sphenoid bone) I: eyebrows I: skin of upper A: furrows brow eyelid (angry face) A: elevates upper eyelid (opens eye) Buccinator Mentalis O: maxilla and O: mandible mandible I: skin of chin I: obicularis oris A: elevates and A: compressing protrudes lower lip cheeks (kissing) (pouting) Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris O:muscle fibers O: medial wall of surrounding mouth orbit I: skin at corner of I: circular path mouth around orbit A: shapes lips during A: closes eye speech Platysma Risorius O: fascia over O: fascia over deltoid and parotid pectoralis major I: skin st corner of I: mandible mouth A: draws lower lip A: draws angle of downwards and mouth laterally backwards (laughing/ tensing) (grimacing) Zygomaticus major O: zygomatic bone I: skin at corner of mouth A: draws angle of mouth upward (smiling)  MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Masseter Temporalis O: maxilla and O: parietal bone zygomatic arch I: coronoid process I: ramus and of mandible angle of mandible A:elevates mandible A: elevates mandible Lateral Pterygoid O: greater wing and lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone I: mandibular condyle A: depresses mandible (opens mouth)  MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD Splenius Capitus Sternocleidomastoid O: 7th cervical and O: sternum and first T1-T3 thoracic clavicle vertebrae I: mastoid region of I: occipital bone and temporal bone mastoid process A: flexion and rotation A: extension of head of the neck and and neck head MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER (SCAPULA) Pectoralis minor Levator scapulae O: ribs 3-5 O: transverse I: coracoid process processes of C1- C4 of scapula I: vertebral border of A: pulls scapula scapula anteriorly A: elevates scapula  Trapezius Rhomboid major O: occipital bone, (rhomboideus major) spinous processes O: spinous processes of 7th cervical and of 2nd to 5th all thoracic vertebrae thoracic vertebrae I: clavicle and acromion, I: i. vertebral border spine of scapula of scapula A: elevates clavicle, A: adducts scapula adducts, elevates or depresses scapula; extends head  Rhomboid minor Serratus anterior (rhomboideus minor) O: upper 9 ribs O: spinous processes I: vertebral border of of 7th cervical and scapula 1st thoracic vertebrae A:protracts scapula I: s. vertebral border of scapula A: adducts scapula  MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM (HUMERUS) Deltoid Latissimus dorsi O: acromion process O: lumbar and lower and spine of scapula; thoracic vertebrae; clavicle sacral and iliac crest I: deltoid tuberosity I: intertubercular of humerus sulcus of humerus A: abducts, flexes, A: extends, adducts, extends, and medial or rotates arm lateral rotation of arm medially  Pectoralis major Teres major O: clavicle and sternum O: inferior lateral I: intertubercular border of scapula sulcus I: intertubercular A: flexes, adducts, sulcus and rotates arm A: extension and medially medial rotation of arm  ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES Teres minor Subscapularis O: middle lateral O: subscapular fossa border of scapula of scapula I: greater tubercle I: lesser tubercle A: Arm extension and A: rotates arm adduction; lateral medially rotation of arm Supraspinatus Infraspinatus O: supraspinous fossa O: infraspinous fossa of scapula of scapula I: greater tubercle I: greater tubercle A: Abduction of arm A: Adduction and lateral rotation LPO3 Study Guide Lauren Frias Muscles of Facial Expression ↑ ↑ -> 5 ↓ ↑ -> H ↓ Corrugator Supercilli Depressor Anguli Oris Frontalis Risorius Orbicularis Oculi A furrows brows A frowning A raise A pulls lips A closes laterally : : : eyebrows : : eyes I Eyebrows I corner of month I I of month I Circular path of orbit : : eyebrows : : : corner 0 : Uppermedial border of Orbit 0 : mandible 0: GaleaAponeurotica O: parotid fascia 0 : Medial border of orbit - S ↓ Orbicularis Oris Mentalis Buccinator Zygomations Major Galea Aponeurotica A shapes lips for speech : A : pouting A : Kissing A : Smiling Fascic I : corner of mouth I : Chin skin I : Orbicularis oris I : Corner of mouth 0 muscle fibers around month 0 mandible 0 maxilla/mandible 0 Zygomatic bone : : : : Muscles of Mastication ~ 1 < 1 ↑ Temporalis Masseter Digastric Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid ID Elevate A Elevate only A A mandible 10 Only Depresses mandible (opens month) : : : mandible = I : Coronoid process of mandible 1 : Angletramus of mandible I : Mandibular condyle 0 0 : Parietal bone Zygomatic arch < maxilla 0 Greater lateral of Sphenoid : : wing pterygoid Muscles That Move the Scapula -1 S 1 7 S > 7 W Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor Levator Scapulal Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Trapezius A protracts (abducts) scapula : A : protracts scapula A : elevates scapula A : Adducts scapula = A : Adducts scapula A elevate clavicle adduct/elevate depress scapula : , I medial border of coracoid process of scapula I medial border of scapula medial border of scapula I medial border spine of scapula : scapula I scapula I clavicle , acromiont : I : : : : = of 0 9 spinous process of T2-TS : 0 ribs 3-5 0 transverse process of C-CH0 : ribs 0 spinous process of C7-T 0 occipital bone spinous process of C7-T1-T12 : : upper : : , Muscles That Move The Arm (Humerus) Lauren Frias Rotator Cuff only abducts only LESSER Teres Minor Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapulans - tuberde A : Arm extension/adduction lateral rotation , A : Adduction + lateral rotation A : Abduction A : Rotates arm medially I Greater tuberce - I Greater tuberde - I Greater tubercle I : Lesser tubercle : : : O O Supraspinous fossa : Lateral border ofscapula 0 Infraspinous fossa 0 Subscapular fossa : : : Deltoid Teres Major Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi A : Abduct, flex, extends , rotation A : Extension , medial rotation A : Flexes , adducts , medial rotation A : Extends adducts , medial rotation , I I I Intertubecular : Intertubecular groove I intertubecular : Deltoid : tuberosity groove : groove 0 Acromion r spine of scapula , clavicle 0 : inferior lateral border of scapula O Thoracolumbar fascia : 0 Sternut Clarice : : Muscles That Move The Forearm Brachialis Brachioradialis Biceps brachii Triceps brachi ; Coracobrachialis A : Flexes forearm A : flexes forearm A : LONG-flexes SHORT supinates - A : extends forearm ID only I process of radius I radial tuberosity I olecranon of Una coronoid process of Una I to styloid : : superior : : 0 anterior , distal humens distal humerus 8 0 LONG inferior carity MEDIAL/LATERAL humerus : LONG supraglenoid tub SHORT-coronoid process to glenoid : 0 : - - - :. Muscles Acting on Abdominal Wall Rectus Abdominis Internal Oblique External Oblique Linea Alba Thoracolumbar Fascia A : compression of abdomen A : compress abdomen t rotate spine A : compress abdomen , rotate spine I costal cartilage of ribs S-7 - Xiphoid process I Last Pribs , CC of ribs 8-10 linea alba I Iliac crest , lined alba : : : , 0 : pubic symphisis 0 : Thoracolumbarfascia , iliac crest 0 : inferior 8 ribs Muscles Moving Wrist , Hand , and Fingers Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi UInaris Flexor Carpi Radialis A : Extension + abduction of A : Extends phalanges A : Extend + Abduct wrist A : Flexes Adducts A : Flex t abduct wrist wrist (fingers) I Metacarpal S (ulnar) Wrist I Metacarpals 203 : : I : Metacarpal II I phalanx 2 5 0 Lateral epicondyle of I carpals MC5 0 Medial epicondyle : - : : + : 0 Lateral epicondyle of 0 lateral humerus 0 Medial epicondyle epicondyle : : : humerus of humerus Palmaris Longus Flexor digitorun superficialis Extensor Retinacuum Flexor retinaculum Pronator teres A weak flexor of wrist A Flexes middle Protects carpal tunnel Protects carpal tunnel ID phalanges only : : I palmar aponeurosis I Middle : : phalanges 0 medial 0 Medial : epicondyle : epicondyle Muscles that Move the Thigh t Leg Quadriceps femoris Quadriceps femoris Quadriceps femoris Quadriceps femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Adductor Adductor Magnus Longus A A flex A Ext flex thigh A Ext leg flex thigh A Adducts A Extends lower leg ext thigh : leg leg thigh Adducts thigh : : : : :.. ,. , , - flexes thigh I Patella , tibial tuberosity I I : tuberosity I linea aspera : patella tibial tuberosity patella tibial I linea aspera : : : , , I Patella , tibial tuberosity 0 anterior femur O linea aspera 0 linea aspera 0 of pubis bischium : rami : 0 : pubic symphisis : : : 0 : AllS Gracilis Sartorius Glutens minimus Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus A adducts thigh A flex A Abduct thigh , A Abduct A Abduct legt thigh thigh extend thigh : : : : : - , , , I prox /med tibia cross legs (lat rotation) medial rotation medial rotation lateral rotation :.. 0 : pubic bone I I gluteal tuberosity I prox /med I : tibia greater trochanter greater trochanter : : :.. 0 ASIS 0 ilium 0 ilium 0 iliac crest, : : sacrum , : coccyx : Hamstrings Hamstrings Hamstrings Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Psoas Major Iliachs Tensor fascial latae A A Flex A flex leg A A A Flex lower ext ext thigh Flex thigh t same as Flex adduct thigh : leg leg thigh psoas : : : : : , ,. ,. I lateral I Tendon of psoas tibia /iliotibial : extends