Skeletal System PDF

Skeletal System 2.00 Understand the body’s support systems 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Bone Formation Osteoblasts- bone forming cells(immature) Osteoclast- absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing...

Skeletal System 2.00 Understand the body’s support systems 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Bone Formation Osteoblasts- bone forming cells(immature) Osteoclast- absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing Osteocytes-mature bone cells Ossification- hardening of the bone Fontanel- space between bones of the skull from birth to 1 year of age. 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Types of Bones Flat-protect internal organs Irregular- protect internal organs Long-support weight and facilitate movement Short-provide stability Sesamoid-embedded in tendons 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Long Bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Medullary Canal Endosteum Periosteum Articular Cartilage 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Axial Skeleton Skull 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I  Axial Skeleton Spinal Column Ribs and Sternum 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I  Axial Skeleton Remember the number of bones in each by Spinal Column mealtimes Cervical vertebra- 7 (breakfast) Thoracic vertebra- 12 (lunch) Lumbar vertebra- 5 (dinner) Sacrum- 5 fused together Coccyx – 4 fused together 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle Ilium Ischium Pubis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Calcaneus 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Joints Diarthroses-freely moveable Amphiarthroses-slightly Ball and socket- allows most moveable movement- hip and shoulder Gliding-allow joint to glide over one another- Hinge- can only move in one vertebrae direction- knee and elbow Synarthroses-Immovable Pivot- allow rotation- wrist and ankle Fixed- No Movement- skull sutures HU40 Health Science I Functions of the Skeletal System Hemopoiesis-makes red Movement-voluntary blood cells Mineral Storage-calcium Protection-vital organs and phosphorus Support-muscles 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I  Disorders of Skeletal System Arthritis- inflammation of the Gout- crystalized uric acid joints build up Osteoarthritis as a result of usually in big toe aging and wear and tear on the body Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune disorder Osteoporosis- softening of the bone making it become porous. 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Spinal Defects Curvatures 1. Kyphosis-hunchback- involves thoracic spine 2. Lordosis- swayback- involves lumbar spine 3. Scoliosis- S shaped- involves thoracic and lumbar 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Fractures Greenstick- bone is splintered Most common in small children Treatment- cast or splint 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Fractures Simple- bone is broken. Skin intact. Treatment with a cast or splint. 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Fractures Compound- broken bone is protruding through the skin Most serious type of fracture Can cause infection of the bone and neighboring tissue 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Fractures Comminuted- bone is splintered into many pieces Treatment-surgery to replace bone fragments May involve external device to hold the fragments together 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Treatment Procedures Closed reduction = cast or splint Bony fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast or splint is applied Open reduction = internal fixation Through surgical intervention, devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and a cast or splint may be applied Traction Pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones. Involves weights and pulleys to gently pull e 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I  Works Cited The Long and the Short of It: The Five Types of Bones. (n.d.) https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/types-of-bones Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System. (n.d.) Osteoporosis https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ap/chapter/diseases-and-disorders-of- the-skeletal-system/ Nichols.Hannah. (2017). “What are the causes and types of arthritis?” https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/7621 Normal and Arthritic Joints. MedicineNet. (2010). https://www.medicinenet.com/arthritis/article.htm Wikimedia Long Bone July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=long+bones&title=Special%3A Search&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File: 603_Anatomy_of_Long_Bone.jpg 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I  Works Cited Wikimedia Axial Skeleton https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=axial+Skeletaon&title=Special %3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media /File:Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg Wikimedia Skull July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=File%3AHuma n+skull+front+bones.svg&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&adva ncedSearch-current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106 =1#/media/File:Illu_facial_bones.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=File%3AHuma n+skull+side+bones.svg&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&adva ncedSearch-current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106 =1#/media/File:Human_skull_side_simplified_(bones).svg 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Works Cited Wikimedia Spinal Column July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset= 0&profile=default&search=spinal+column&advancedSearch-current={}&ns0=1&n s6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:SagittalSpineVector-recolo red.svg Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Shoulder Girdle July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=human+arm &title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7 B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/ File:Human_arm_bones_diagram.svg Wikimedia Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Girdle July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search= human+legs&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext =1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100= 1&ns106=1#/media/ File:Human_leg_bones_labeled.svg 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Works Cited Wikimedia Gout July 2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search= gout&title =Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1 #/media/ File:Gout_Signs_and_Symptoms.jpg Wikimedia Osteoporosis July 2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/ index.php?search=osteoporosis&title =Special%3ASearch&go=Go&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1 #/media/ File:Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg Wikimedia Spinal Defects July 2020https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort =relevance&search=lordosis&title=Special:Search&profile =advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12= 1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1&searchToken=azs4cn9070h9bzvhu8q71nx2v#%2F media%2FFile%3AVertebral_column_disorders_-_Normal_Scoliosis_Lordosis_Kyphosis _--_Smart-Servier.jpg 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I Works Cited Wikimedia Dislocation July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=dislocation+o f+joints+xray&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch -current=%7B%7D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1&searchT oken=4tgxx9op1alnkxwe4p56934gb#%2Fmedia%2FFile%3AAC_Separation_XRAY_ %28enhanced%29.png Wikimedia Fractures July 2020 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&limit=20&offset= 20&profile=default&search=human+fractures&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7D &ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:202007_A_pati ent_undergoing_fracture_treatment.svg https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=fractures&titl e=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7 D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Upper_arm_b one_fracture_-_Humerus_fracture_--_Smart-Servier.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?sort=relevance&search=fractures&titl e=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%7 D&ns0=1&ns6=1&ns12=1&ns14=1&ns100=1&ns106=1#/media/File:Types_of_frac ture.jpg 2.01 Understand the structures, functions and disorders of the skeletal system HU40 Health Science I