EBRO-SCIENCE4-Q2-W1-DAY4 (SKELETAL SYSTEM).PDF

WELCOME TO SCIENCE CLASS  DY SYSTEMS THE BO THE HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM  SON OBJECTIVES LES Identify the main Create a 3D model of the Value the role of the bones of the skeletal system using skeletal system in skeletal system an...

WELCOME TO SCIENCE CLASS  DY SYSTEMS THE BO THE HUMAN SKELETAL SYSTEM  SON OBJECTIVES LES Identify the main Create a 3D model of the Value the role of the bones of the skeletal system using skeletal system in skeletal system and craft or recycled overall health and describe their materials to visualize the well-being. arrangement of bones. functions.  LET’S DISCUSS SKELETAL SYSTEM Provides support and protection for the body’s internal organs while also serving as an attachment point for muscles.  The human body has over 206 bones. Babies have 300 bones, as they fuse together as they grow!  LET’S EXPLORE! PRINCIPAL TYPES OF BONES Long Bones Short Bones These bones are longer than Short bones have a squat, they are wide and provide cubed shape and are leverage for movement. approximately equal in length, width, and thickness. Examples Examples include the femur, include the tarsals (ankle bones). humerus, and clavicles.  LET’S EXPLORE! PRINCIPAL TYPES OF BONES Flat Bones Irregular Bones These bones are thin and often These bones do not conform to curved. They serve as the shapes of the other 3 types. protective shields and provide They have unique forms and attachment points for muscles. functions. Examples include the Examples include the ribs and bones of the face and vertebrae. scapula. Let’s look at the main bones in the body... Upper Body Cranium Clavicle Ribs  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE SKULL/CRANIUM The skull serves several crucial functions. It surrounds and shields the brain, brainstem, and eyes from external forces. This protective role is vital for maintaining the integrity of our central nervous system.  SKELETAL SYSTEM SHOULDER GIRDLE The shoulder girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. It consists of the clavicle and scapula bones on each side of the body.  SKELETAL SYSTEM CLAVICLE also called the collarbone; allows your arms to hang freely. SCAPULA also called the shoulder blade; provides a foundation for joint function. Bones of the arms Humerus Ulna Radius  SKELETAL SYSTEM ARM BONES Arm bones consist of the humerus, radius, and ulna. These bones serve essential roles in supporting the upper limb and providing attachment points for the muscles responsible for arm movement.  SKELETAL SYSTEM ARM BONES Humerus: upper arm bone; supports arm functions, such as lifting. Radius: lateral, shorter bone of the forearm. Ulna: inner, larger bone of the forearm. Bones of the hands Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE HAND The hand bones provide support and stability and enable intricate movements for tasks like gripping, writing, and playing musical instruments.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE HAND They consist of carpal bones (wrist), metacarpals (palm), and phalanges (fingers). Together, they form the foundation for hand function.  SKELETAL SYSTEM Carpals: any of the 8 bones of the carpus/ wrist. Metacarpals: the five bones of the metacarpus, located between the wrist and the fingers. Phalanges: any of the bones of the fingers.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE CHEST The sternum and ribs protect vital organs and facilitate breathing. The sternum shields the heart, lungs, and stomach while also serving as an attachment point for tendons.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE CHEST The ribs act as a protective cage for the heart, lungs, and liver; there are 12 pairs of ribs.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE SPINE The spine provides structural support for the entire body, allowing us to stand upright. It surrounds and protects the spinal cord and nerves.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE SPINE Also, the spine enables flexibility and movement, allowing us to walk, twist, bend, and perform various activities. Vertebrae: any of the 33 bones of the spinal column.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE PELVIS Located near the base of the spine where the hind limbs/legs are attached; this bone is separated in children and fused together in adults.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE PELVIS These bones serve several crucial functions in the human body. First, they bear the weight of the upper body, stabilize it, and transmit this weight to the lower. Second, the pelvis protects the organs within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. In females, the pelvis provides a comfortable environment for the fetus. Bones of the leg Femur Patella Fibula Tibia  SKELETAL SYSTEM UPPER LEG The upper leg bones include the femur (thigh bone), which is the longest and strongest bone in the body. It forms a ball-and-socket joint with the hip bone and the knee joint with the lower leg bones.  SKELETAL SYSTEM UPPER LEG The patella (kneecap) connects with the upper and lower leg bones through muscles and ligaments, contributing to knee movement.  SKELETAL SYSTEM LOWER LEG In the lower leg bones, we have the tibia, which is longer and thicker. It bears weight and articulates with the femur at its superior end and the tarsals at its inferior end.  SKELETAL SYSTEM LOWER LEG The fibula, located laterally, doesn’t bear direct weight but serves as an attachment point for leg muscles. It articulates with the tibia and tarsal bones. Bones of the foot Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE FOOT The foot bones include the tarsals (7 bones allowing minor adjustments to foot position), the metatarsals (forming the forefoot), and the tiny phalanges (toe bones) that articulate with metatarsals and allow flexible toe movements.  SKELETAL SYSTEM THE FOOT In summary, leg bones provide structural support, facilitate movement, and distribute weight during activities like walking and running.  FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM SHAPE AND SUPPORT MOVEMENT PROTECTION BLOOD PRODUCTION STORAGE REMEMBER: SHOULD MOTHERS PROTECT BABIES SKIN HUMAN ANATOMY THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!