Skeletal System Overview and Bone Formation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of kyphosis?

  • Involves the lumbar spine
  • Involves the thoracic spine (correct)
  • Involves an S-shaped curvature
  • Involves excessive rotation of the spine

Which type of fracture involves the bone splintering into many pieces?

  • Simple fracture
  • Compound fracture
  • Greenstick fracture
  • Comminuted fracture (correct)

What is the main treatment for a greenstick fracture?

  • Traction with weights
  • Cast or splint (correct)
  • Surgery to replace bone fragments
  • Physical therapy

What signifies a compound fracture?

<p>Bone is protruding through the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves surgical intervention to align broken bones?

<p>Open reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lordosis commonly described as?

<p>Swayback of the lumbar spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is specifically used to hold bones in place for long bone fractures?

<p>Traction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of a simple fracture?

<p>Bone is broken but skin remains intact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for the formation of new bone?

<p>Osteoblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of hardening of bone?

<p>Ossification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is involved in the absorption of bone tissue?

<p>Osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteocytes in the skeletal system?

<p>To maintain bone matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes fontanels in infants?

<p>Spaces between skull bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of osteoblasts in the process of ossification?

<p>Secrete bone matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do osteoblasts mature into osteocytes?

<p>Osteogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is true?

<p>It causes bones to become soft and porous. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bones are formed primarily during the ossification process?

<p>Long bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a role of the skeletal system?

<p>Hormonal regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process by which bones are formed in the body?

<p>Ossification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do osteoblasts play in bone formation?

<p>They produce new bone matrix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions directly affects bone density?

<p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the process of bone remodeling typically begin to slow down?

<p>50 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of osteocytes in healthy bone tissue?

<p>To maintain bone matrix. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone formation occurs primarily in the skull and clavicle?

<p>Intramembranous ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is crucial for the regulation of calcium levels and bone formation?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption?

<p>Osteoclasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is primarily involved in endochondral ossification?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary component is essential for effective bone formation?

<p>Vitamin D (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of collagen in bone structure?

<p>To provide tensile strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of bone healing do osteoblasts proliferate to form new bone?

<p>Reparative phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by a break that does not penetrate the skin?

<p>Closed fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Osteoblasts

Cells responsible for bone formation; immature bone cells.

Osteoclasts

Cells that absorb bone tissue during growth and healing. They break down bone.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue. They manage the bone's daily life!

Ossification

The process of bone hardening.

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Fontanels

Spaces between the bones of the skull present at birth that allow for brain growth. These usually close by 1 year old.

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Flat bones

Protect internal organs, flat and thin bones. Think of a shield, protecting the body.

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Irregular bones

Complex shaped bones that protect internal organs.

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Long bones

Long and cylindrical bones that support body weight and facilitate movement. They are strong!

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Short bones

Short, cube-shaped bones that provide stability and shock absorption. They are like little building blocks.

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Sesamoid bones

Small, round bones embedded in tendons, mostly found near joints. They help in smooth movement and efficient tendon function.

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Kyphosis

An abnormal outward curvature of the thoracic spine, resulting in a humped back appearance.

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Lordosis

An abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine, resulting in a swayback appearance.

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Scoliosis

An abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, resulting in an 'S' shaped appearance.

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Simple Fracture

A fracture where the bone is broken but the skin remains intact.

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Compound Fracture

A fracture where the broken bone protrudes through the skin.

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Comminuted Fracture

A fracture where the bone is splintered into multiple pieces.

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Closed Reduction

A treatment for fractures where the bone fragments are re-aligned by manipulation, followed by casting or splinting.

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Open Reduction

A treatment for fractures where surgical intervention is used to fix the bones using devices like wires, plates, or screws.

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Skeletal System

A strong, supportive framework made up of bones. Its main function is to provide shape, protection, and movement to the body.

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Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by bone loss and increased risk of fractures. It often affects elderly individuals.

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Arthritis

A type of joint disorder that causes inflammation and pain in the joints. It can affect various joints in the body.

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Axial Skeleton

The axial skeleton is the central part of the skeleton. It includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

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Skull

The skull protects the brain and sensory organs. It is made up of many bones that are fused together.

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Vertebral Column

The vertebral column, also called the spine, is a flexible rod that supports the body and protects the spinal cord.

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Rib Cage

The rib cage protects the heart and lungs.

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Appendicular Skeleton

The appendicular skeleton is the part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton. It includes the shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs.

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Shoulder Girdle

The shoulder girdle is composed of the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade). It connects the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

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Pelvic Girdle

The pelvic girdle is composed of the hip bones. It connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

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Gout

A medical condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the joints. Often affects the big toe.

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Dislocation

A condition characterized by a misalignment or displacement of the bones in a joint.

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Fracture

A break or fracture in a bone. This can range from a simple hairline fracture to a more complex compound fracture.

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Spinal Defects

A condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine.

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Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

  • The skeletal system is responsible for supporting the body and its internal organs.
  • It includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints.
  • It is involved in support, movement, protection, mineral storage, and blood cell production.

Bone Formation

  • Osteoblasts are immature bone-forming cells.
  • Osteoclasts absorb bone tissue during growth and healing.
  • Osteocytes are mature bone cells.
  • Ossification is the process of bone hardening.
  • Fontanels are spaces between the skull bones in infants.

Types of Bones

  • Flat bones protect internal organs (e.g., skull bones).
  • Irregular bones protect internal organs (e.g., vertebrae).
  • Long bones support weight and facilitate movement (e.g., femur).
  • Short bones provide stability (e.g., carpals).
  • Sesamoid bones are embedded within tendons (e.g., patella).

Long Bone Structure

  • Diaphysis is the long shaft of the bone.
  • Epiphysis are the ends of the bone.
  • Medullary canal is the central cavity within the diaphysis.
  • Endosteum is the lining of the medullary canal.
  • Periosteum is the tough outer covering of the bone.
  • Articular cartilage covers the epiphyses where bones meet.

Axial Skeleton

  • Skull: Composed of many bones, including facial bones (e.g., frontal, parietal, temporal)
  • Spinal column: Vertebrae are arranged in sections (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx).
  • Ribs and Sternum: Protects vital organs, including the heart and lungs. True ribs (1-7), False ribs (8-10), & Floating ribs (11-12).
    • Vertebrae in each part of the spinal column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar).

Appendicular Skeleton

  • Shoulder Girdle: Clavicle and scapula.
  • Upper limb: Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.
  • Pelvic Girdle: Ilium, ischium, pubis
  • Lower limb: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

Joints

  • Diarthroses: Freely movable joints (e.g., ball-and-socket joints in the hip and shoulder; hinge joints in the knee and elbow).
  • Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints (e.g., joints between vertebrae).
  • Synarthroses: Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull).

Functions of the Skeletal System

  • Hemopoiesis: Produces red blood cells in bone marrow.
  • Mineral storage: Stores calcium and phosphorus.
  • Movement: Supports and allows for voluntary movement.
  • Protection: Protects vital organs like the heart and lungs.
  • Support: Supports the body's soft tissues.

Disorders of the Skeletal System

  • Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis).
  • Gout: Build-up of uric acid crystals in joints, typically affecting the big toe.
  • Osteoporosis: Softening/weakening of the bones, making them more prone to fractures.

Spinal Defects

  • Kyphosis: Hunchback (excessive outward curvature of the spine).
  • Lordosis: Swayback (excessive inward curvature of the spine).
  • Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine.

Fractures

  • Greenstick: Partial fracture; bone splintered. Common in children
  • Simple: Bone breaks, skin remains intact.
  • Compound: Broken bone protrudes through the skin. More serious, potential for infection.
  • Comminuted: Bone splinters into multiple pieces. Often requires surgery

Treatment Procedures

  • Closed reduction: Manipulating fractured bone fragments back into alignment. Usually accompanied by a cast or splint
  • Open reduction: Surgery to repair bone fractures using surgical tools. Internal fixation with screws, plates, etc.
  • Traction: Pulling force used to hold bones in place. Common with long bone fractures using weights and pulleys.

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Skeletal System PDF

Description

This quiz covers the skeletal system's structure and functions, including bone formation and the different types of bones. It will test your understanding of key terms such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and the components of long bones. Review your knowledge of skeletal anatomy and its roles in the human body.

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