Mobility

physical activity • Obesity • Poor posture • Smoking • Genetics • Occupational hazards • Stress

Clinical Manifestations of Back Problems • Back pain • Stiffness • Limited range of motion • Numbness or tingling • Muscle weakness • Sciatica

Nursing Interventions for Back Problems • Assess neurological status • Encourage physical activity • Use proper body mechanics • Teach relaxation techniques • Administer pain medication • Apply heat or cold therapy • Refer to physical therapy

Medical Management for Back Problems • Drug therapy • Physical therapy • Injections • Surgery

Prevention of Back Problems • Regular exercise • Proper posture • Limiting heavy lifting • Using proper body mechanics • Quit smoking • Weight management

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis • Autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system • Cause is unknown • Risk factors • Diagnosis

Clinical Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis • Fatigue • Numbness or tingling • Muscle weakness • Poor coordination • Vision problems • Cognitive changes

Nursing Interventions for Multiple Sclerosis • Assess neurological status • Encourage physical activity • Administer medication • Teach relaxation techniques • Refer to physical therapy • Provide emotional support

Medical Management for Multiple Sclerosis • Drug therapy • Physical therapy • Injections • Surgery

Complications of Multiple Sclerosis • Muscle weakness • Bladder and bowel dysfunction • Vision loss • Cognitive changes • Depression

Prevention of Multiple Sclerosis • No known prevention methods • Manage risk factors • Early diagnosis and treatment

Overall, the module covers various mobility issues, including fractures, osteoarthritis, back problems, Parkinson’s Disease, and multiple sclerosis. The learning outcomes include collaborating with the interprofessional team, implementing nursing interventions, applying knowledge of anatomy and physiology, using clinical judgment, and teaching patients and caregivers about common drugs. The module also covers the functions of the skeletal system, age-related musculoskeletal changes, and various types of fractures. Additionally, it provides information on the nursing and medical management of various mobility issues, including prevention and complications.Exercise • Obesity • Diseases • Improper lifting • Psychological conditions • Smoking • Prolonged sitting

Back Problems Medical Management • Positioning • Nonsurgical Management • Surgical intervention (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty)

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) • Loss of myelin • Autoimmune Disease • Symptoms vary

Common Diagnostic Tests • Lumbar puncture (LP) • Imaging procedures • MRI • Brain scan

Nursing Interventions - MS • Encourage fluid intake • Monitor cognitive changes • Communication techniques • Promote energy conservation

Medical Management MS Immunosuppressive Agents • Azathioprine (Imuran) • Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Anti-inflammatory Agents • Steroids - Prednisone Muscle Relaxants • Dantrolene (Dantrium) • Tizanidine (Zanaflex) • Baclofen (Lioreseal) Antispasmodics • Benzodiazepines - Diazepam (Valium)