Questions and Answers
What is the equation 'B = \delta(P * S)' used to represent in social psychology?
The relationship between behavior, person, and situation
What is the main focus of social psychology?
How people think about, influence, and relate to each other
What is the 'Chameleon Effect' in social psychology?
Unconscious mimicry of the behavior of others
In the context of social influence, what does the 'enormous power of social influence' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, which route of persuasion involves influencing attitudes with evidence and rational arguments?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect explains that a difficult initiation into a group influences us to like the group more?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of cognitive dissonance, what might happen if Fiona agrees to do some fundraising for her college?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the effect where doing a favor for someone you dislike will lead to greater liking of the previously disliked person to resolve cognitive dissonance?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Norman Triplett's experiment in 1898 demonstrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is social facilitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is social loafing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is group polarization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is groupthink?
Signup and view all the answers
What are norms in social psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Zimbardo's Prison Study illustrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is deindividuation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is conformity in social psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Asch's research on group influence demonstrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What can lead individuals to follow social norms according to Asch's conformity studies?
Signup and view all the answers
In unambiguous situations, what can lead people to conform despite their own judgment?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of social influence is driven by the desire to be right?
Signup and view all the answers
In Milgram's obedience experiment, who supervised the deportation of 6,000,000 Jews to Nazi gas chambers?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the age range of the subjects in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of subjects in Milgram's experiment were fully obedient?
Signup and view all the answers
What does altruism refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does thin-slicing refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What do bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility illustrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary driving force behind normative social influence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main factor influencing obedience according to Milgram's experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
What does social cognition involve?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of influence is driven by the desire to be right in novel or ambiguous situations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the bystander effect influenced by?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the halo effect?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Asch's study demonstrate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are schemas in social cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the just-world hypothesis and fallacy lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the actor-observer effect suggest?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Signup and view all the answers
What is automatic vigilance in social cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
What do schemas do in social cognition?
Signup and view all the answers
What are simplification strategies in social cognition used for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Social Psychology and Human Behavior
- Subjects in a dark room estimated the distance a light moved, and their estimates converged on a common value, establishing a group norm.
- Informational Social Influence: People look to others for information on how to behave in novel or ambiguous situations, driven by the desire to be right.
- Normative Social Influence: People conform to be liked and approved, driven by the desire to be accepted.
- Milgram's obedience experiment involved delivering painful electric shocks to a fellow participant under the influence of an authority figure.
- Adolf Eichmann supervised the deportation of 6,000,000 Jews to Nazi gas chambers, raising questions about the nature of evil and social obedience to authority.
- Stanley Milgram's experiment involved males aged 20-50 as subjects, an authority figure as the experimenter, and a victim as the learner.
- Obedience was highest in the presence of an authority figure and when the victim was depersonalized, with over 60% of subjects fully obedient.
- Factors influencing obedience included the proximity of the person giving orders and the depersonalization of the victim.
- Altruism refers to voluntary self-sacrificing behavior intended to benefit others without expectation of reward, influenced by situational power and the presence of others.
- Social cognition involves forming impressions of others based on physical appearance and stereotypes, often leading to distorted impressions.
- Thin-slicing refers to the unconscious ability to find patterns in behavior based on narrow slices of experience, showcasing the power of implicit processes.
- Bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility illustrate how ethics can be a luxury in modern society, impacting social behavior.
Social Cognition: Understanding Human Behavior
- The halo effect influences how individuals form impressions, where first impressions tend to be lasting.
- Asch's study showed that the order of information presentation can significantly impact how a person is perceived.
- Simplification strategies, such as expectations and dispositional inferences, are used to conserve mental effort in the information-rich social world.
- Schemas are cognitive structures that organize our knowledge about the world and influence what we pay attention to.
- The use of screens during auditions accounted for a significant increase in the number of female musicians in orchestras.
- Automatic vigilance leads individuals to pay more attention to negative information about others, which is a consequence of human evolution.
- Social perceptions and impressions are resistant to change, and attribution is the process by which people infer the causes of others' behavior.
- The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to underestimate situational factors and overestimate dispositional factors in explaining others' behavior.
- The just-world hypothesis and fallacy lead to blaming the victim and shield individuals from believing they will suffer similar misfortunes, fueling stereotypes and prejudice.
- The actor-observer effect suggests that individuals tend to attribute others' behavior to dispositional factors but attribute their own behavior to situational factors.
- Situational attributions require more effort and are often overlooked in favor of blaming the individual.
- Individuals tend to make different attributions about others' behavior than they do about their own, highlighting the complexity of human behavior and perception.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of social psychology and human behavior with this quiz! Explore influential experiments such as Milgram's obedience study and Asch's conformity research, and delve into topics like social influence, altruism, social cognition, and attribution. Sharpen your understanding of the complexities of human behavior and perception in social settings.
