Questions and Answers
What is the term for the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate?
Population
What is the purpose of defining the population in the sampling process?
To identify the elements of interest
What is the term for a single member of the population?
Element
What is the sampling frame in a university setting?
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What is the term for a subset of the population?
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What is the first step in the sampling process?
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What is the term for a single member of the sample?
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What is the characteristic of unrestricted or simple random sampling?
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What is the purpose of generating random numbers in Excel?
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What is the difference between probability and non-probability sampling?
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What is the example of systematic sampling given in the text?
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How many types of complex probability sampling designs are mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary purpose of convenience sampling?
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Which type of sampling is used when a researcher wants to collect data from a specific group of people who have the desired information?
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What is the limitation of judgment sampling?
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What is the characteristic of judgment sampling?
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Why is purposive sampling used in research?
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Which type of sampling is used when a researcher wants to collect data from a large population?
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What is the purpose of using area sampling design in retail stores, advertisements, and TV and radio programs?
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What is the main difference between single-stage and multi-stage sampling?
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What is the primary limitation of non-probability sampling designs?
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What is the purpose of double sampling?
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What is an example of double sampling?
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What is the main advantage of using area sampling design in a study?
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What is the primary objective of quota sampling?
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What is quota sampling similar to?
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What is the primary advantage of using simple random sampling?
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In quota sampling, how are the participants selected?
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What is the purpose of assigning a quota in quota sampling?
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In the example provided, what percentage of the sample size represents blue‐collar workers?
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Study Notes
Sampling Designs
- Area sampling design: used to gather information on local populations' interests, attitudes, predispositions, and behaviors
- Single-stage sampling: dividing the population into clusters, randomly choosing the required number of clusters, and investigating all elements in each cluster
- Multi-stage sampling: sampling in several stages, e.g., selecting hospitals, then wards, and finally poll respondents
- Double sampling: using a primary sample to collect preliminary information, then selecting a subsample for more detailed examination
Nonprobability Sampling
- Nonprobability sampling designs: elements in the population do not have a known probability of being chosen as sample subjects
- Quota sampling: ensuring certain groups are adequately represented in the study through the assignment of a quota, e.g., 60% blue-collar workers and 40% white-collar workers
Sampling Process
- Define the population
- Determine the sample frame (physical representation of all elements in the population)
- Determine the sampling design (probability/nonprobability)
- Determine the appropriate sample size
- Execute the sampling process
Probability Sampling
- Unrestricted (simple random sampling): every element in the population has a known and equal chance of being selected as a subject
- Restricted (complex probability sampling): complex designs, such as systematic, stratified random, cluster, area, and double sampling
- Systematic sampling: drawing every nth element in the population, starting with a randomly chosen element
- Stratified random sampling: dividing the population into subgroups and sampling from each
- Cluster sampling: dividing the population into clusters and sampling from each cluster
- Area sampling: sampling based on geographic areas
- Double sampling: using a primary sample to collect preliminary information, then selecting a subsample for more detailed examination
Nonprobability Sampling Designs
- Convenience sampling: collecting information from conveniently available members of the population
- Purposive sampling: sampling specific types of people who can provide desired information, e.g., experts or people with specific characteristics
- Judgment sampling: selecting a sample based on the researcher's judgment, e.g., selecting patients with specific health problems for a pharmaceutical study
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Description
Test your understanding of sampling and population in research methods. Learn how to select the right representatives for the entire population and understand the importance of defining the population in research.
