Neuroscience Research Methods: Sampling & Confidence Intervals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of taking a sample in scientific research?

  • To study the entire population
  • To identify the sampling frame
  • To avoid financial and time constraints
  • To make generalizations about the population (correct)

What is the term for the list of individuals from which a sample is selected?

  • Sampling units
  • Research population
  • Source population
  • Sampling frame (correct)

What type of research is typically conducted in samples, rather than entire populations?

  • Analytic research
  • Descriptive research (correct)
  • Qualitative research
  • Quantitative research

What are the individual elements that are selected from a population to form a sample?

<p>Sampling units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it usually not possible to conduct research on an entire population?

<p>Due to financial and time constraints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of all individuals in which we are interested in assessing some parameter(s)?

<p>Source population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of calculating the standard error in a sample?

<p>To estimate the uncertainty of the sample estimate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the sample size on the sampling distribution?

<p>It decreases the variability of the sampling distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a value calculated from a sample, such as a mean or proportion?

<p>Estimate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of plotting sample estimates in a histogram?

<p>To visualize the sampling distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the population in the example of estimating the prevalence of obesity in Greece?

<p>N=11,000,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a sample and a population?

<p>A sample is a subset of the population, while a population is the entire group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sampling unit in research?

<p>Individual people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of descriptive research?

<p>To investigate the prevalence of a condition in a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of research is the source population more general?

<p>Analytic research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the group of all individuals in which we are interested to assess some parameter(s) called?

<p>Source population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of research is the source population particularly important to accurately represent?

<p>Descriptive research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of selecting a sample from a source population?

<p>Sampling methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the standard error in a sample?

<p>To calculate the degree of uncertainty around an estimate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 95% Confidence Interval represent?

<p>The range of values within which the population mean is likely to lie (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the sample size on the standard error?

<p>The standard error decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the width of a Confidence Interval represent?

<p>The precision of the estimate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Confidence Interval as the sample size increases?

<p>It becomes narrower (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of descriptive research in a sample?

<p>To describe the characteristics of the sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a sample rather than a population in research?

<p>It is more cost-effective and time-efficient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of individuals from which a sample is selected?

<p>Source population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the sample size on the standard error of the sample estimate?

<p>It decreases the standard error (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of calculating the standard error in a sample?

<p>To quantify the uncertainty of the sample estimate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sampling in descriptive research?

<p>To explore the characteristics of a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the list of individuals from which a sample is selected?

<p>Sampling frame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research is typically conducted in samples, rather than entire populations?

<p>Analytic research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the sample size on the sampling distribution?

<p>It reduces the sampling error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of analytic research?

<p>To identify the underlying causes of a disease or a phenomenon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for conducting research on a sample rather than an entire population?

<p>Due to practical restrictions such as financial and time constraints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conducting research on a sample?

<p>To make an inference about the population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the sampling frame and the source population?

<p>The sampling frame is a list of all individuals in the source population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of selecting a representative sample?

<p>To ensure the sample is representative of the source population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between descriptive research and analytic research?

<p>Descriptive research is used to describe the characteristics of the sample, while analytic research is used to identify the relationships between variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of descriptive research?

<p>To describe the characteristics of a population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of all individuals in which we are interested in assessing some parameter(s)?

<p>Source population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreasing the sample size on the sampling variation?

<p>It increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of research is typically conducted in samples, rather than entire populations?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the list of individuals from which a sample is selected?

<p>Sampling frame (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of statistical inference in research?

<p>To determine the degree of uncertainty in the estimate of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a population parameter?

<p>Mean age of the population of Cyprus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a sample estimate and a population parameter?

<p>A sample estimate attempts to quantify the corresponding population parameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the measurement of a quantity or association in a sample that aims to represent the true quantity or association in the source population?

<p>Sample estimate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using statistical inference in research?

<p>To draw conclusions about the population from which the sample was taken (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of selecting a sample from a population?

<p>To estimate the population parameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source population in a study investigating the association between smoking and oesophageal cancer among 35-65 year olds in Canada?

<p>All individuals aged 35-65 in Canada (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a sampling unit?

<p>A single individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of descriptive research in a sample?

<p>To describe the characteristics of a sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to restrict the source population to a specific country or region?

<p>To decrease the sampling bias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of analytic research in a sample?

<p>To identify the cause of a disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of selecting a sample from a source population?

<p>Sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the sample size on the sample estimate?

<p>It decreases the sampling error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking a sample in scientific research?

<p>To estimate the population parameter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of individuals from which a sample is selected?

<p>Source population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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