Social Research Methods: Chapter 8 Sampling
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of nonprobability samples, except for convenience sampling?

  • To analyze the steps of the research process
  • To assess student learning
  • To create a highly representative sample of a population
  • For studies where the purpose is other than creating a highly representative sample (correct)

    • What is the importance of seeing the interconnections among all the steps of the research process?

  • To understand the purpose of nonprobability samples
  • To create a highly representative sample of a population
  • To see the relationships between the steps of the research process (correct)
  • To assess student learning

    • What is protected by United States copyright laws?

  • Research studies on nonprobability samples
  • The work provided to instructors for teaching purposes (correct)
  • The relationships between the steps of the research process
  • The purpose of nonprobability samples

    • Why should the work and materials from it not be made available to students?

    <p>To maintain its integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended purpose of the work and materials?

    <p>For pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected of recipients of the work?

    <p>To abide by the restrictions and honor the intended pedagogical purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of sampling in quantitative studies?

    <p>To create a representative sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a subject is selected in qualitative sampling?

    <p>The relevance to the research topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative sampling?

    <p>The goal of the research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sampling in most empirical studies?

    <p>To create a representative sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of quantitative sampling?

    <p>How many cases in a population fall into various categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of qualitative sampling?

    <p>To deepen understanding about a larger process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sampling used in quantitative studies?

    <p>To create a representative sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of quantitative sampling?

    <p>The sample is representative of the larger population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mistake researchers make when conducting sampling?

    <p>Conducting sampling in a sloppy or improper manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for selecting cases in convenience sampling?

    <p>Ease of access and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large collection of elements being studied in a population?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the sampling size to the target population called?

    <p>Sampling ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for obtaining a representative sample?

    <p>Probability sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the unit of analysis or case in a population?

    <p>Sampling unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is quota sampling also known as?

    <p>Hazard sampling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of quota sampling?

    <p>To obtain a representative sample of the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when deciding the sample size?

    <p>The desired level of precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using statistical equations in sampling?

    <p>To ensure a representative sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of probability sampling?

    <p>To obtain a representative sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of judgmental sampling?

    <p>To select a sample based on expert judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between probability and non-probability sampling?

    <p>The method of sample selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of deviant case sampling?

    <p>To study an extreme or unusual case</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sequential sampling?

    <p>To select a sample in a sequence or series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a sampling strategy match?

    <p>The study's specific purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using random sampling in research?

    <p>It allows researchers to calculate the sampling error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a random-number table in random sampling?

    <p>To generate a list of random numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central limit theorem (CLT) in the context of random sampling?

    <p>A statistical concept that describes the sampling distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a confidence interval in random sampling?

    <p>To provide a range of values within which the population parameter is likely to lie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a simple random sample and a non-random sample?

    <p>The method of selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sampling distribution in random sampling?

    <p>To provide a set of many different samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a computer program to generate random numbers in random sampling?

    <p>It is more precise and efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of repeating the random sampling process many times in the example of the sampling distribution?

    <p>To demonstrate the central limit theorem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sampling in Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

    • Most empirical studies use some form of sampling.
    • In quantitative studies, the primary use of sampling is to create a representative sample of a larger population.
    • In qualitative studies, sampling is used to deepen understanding about a larger process, relationship, or social scene.

    Reasons for Sampling

    • Sampling is used in both quantitative and qualitative studies to:
    • Create a representative sample of a population.
    • Deepen understanding about a larger process, relationship, or social scene.

    Strategies for Creating a Representative Sample

    • Probability sampling:
      • Uses reasoning and applied mathematics.
      • Is the preferred method for creating a representative sample.
    • Non-probability sampling:
      • Convenience sampling:
        • Uses easily accessible cases.
        • Is not recommended for creating an accurate sample.
      • Quota sampling:
        • Involves selecting cases based on specific criteria.
        • Is used to create a representative sample.

    Probability Sampling Techniques

    • Random sampling:
      • Involves randomly selecting cases from a population.
      • Is the most likely method to represent the entire population.
    • Six ways to sample randomly:
      • Simple random sampling
      • Sampling distribution
      • Central limit theorem (CLT)
      • Confidence interval

    Deciding the Sample Size

    • Two methods:
      • Make assumptions about the population and use statistical equations about random sampling processes.
      • Use a rule of thumb (a conventional or commonly accepted amount).
    • The smaller the population, the larger the sampling ratio has to be for a sample that has a high probability of yielding the same results as the entire population.

    Strategies for Non-Representative Samples

    • Five nonrepresentative sampling techniques:
      • Purposive or judgmental sampling
      • Linked-traced sampling
        • Snowball sampling
        • Respondent-driven sampling
        • Adaptive sampling
    • Deviant case sampling
    • Sequential sampling
    • Theoretical sampling

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of qualitative and quantitative sampling in social research methods, including probability and non-probability sampling techniques.

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