Physiology of Hemostasis NRAN 80413 Casey Crow DNP, CRNA Quiz
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Physiology of Hemostasis NRAN 80413 Casey Crow DNP, CRNA Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of platelets in hemostasis?

Form a platelet plug

Which type of vessel is hemostatic mechanisms most effective in dealing with bleeding?

Capillaries

What is the initial response to blood vessel damage in hemostasis known as?

Vascular spasm

What is the final common pathway in the coagulation cascade called?

<p>Common pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes fibrinolysis?

<p>Breakdown of clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of undamaged endothelium in preventing clot formation?

<p>Repelling clotting factors/platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal lifespan of platelets?

<p>8-12 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is critical for platelet plug formation?

<p>GPIIb-IIIa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is a potent vasoconstrictor that promotes platelet aggregation?

<p>Thromboxane A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the vessel wall contains the smooth muscle cells?

<p>Tunica Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates the Extrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?

<p>Tissue Factor (TF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is involved in activating the Intrinsic Pathway of the clotting cascade?

<p>Factor VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Final Common Pathway lead to the conversion of?

<p>Fibrinogen to Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is regulated by plasma proteins like Plasminogen and inhibited by Antithrombin III?

<p>Fibrinolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coagulation test assesses different pathways of clot formation?

<p>aPTT</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does platelet count measure?

<p>Number of Platelets in Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Formation of microvascular clots leading to thrombocytopenia and clotting factor depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of acute/overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Petechiae and mucosal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary amino acid substitution in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that leads to altered red blood cell (RBC) geometry and function?

<p>Valine for glutamic acid on the beta globulin chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential trigger for vaso-occlusive crisis in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

<p>Hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Massive Blood Transfusion (MBT), what is the primary goal when treating acute coagulopathy?

<p>Rapid delivery of blood products to maintain clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element in Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP) that aims to interrupt the lethal triad in trauma patients?

<p>Focus on correcting hyperthermia and acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym MTP stand for in relation to managing massive blood transfusions?

<p>Massive Trauma Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) that presents with lung infiltrates and symptoms like chest pain and dyspnea?

<p>Acute chest syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

'International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scoring System for DIC' is primarily utilized for assessing the severity of which condition?

<p>(DIC) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hemorrhage' is identified as a leading cause of preventable death after trauma, accounting for up to what percentage of deaths within the first 24 hours post-injury?

<p>&gt;50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of transfusion protocols during massive transfusion protocol (MTP)?

<p>To achieve rapid hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sickle cell disease (SCD), what should be avoided in patients to prevent vaso-occlusive crises?

<p>Avoiding hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ABC Score in the activation of massive transfusion?

<p>Guides the initiation of a massive transfusion protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key issues associated with stored blood that can complicate transfusions?

<p>Increased potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of PaO2 in the perioperative management of Hemophilia?

<p>Reduces bleeding risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of different blood products during a Massive Transfusion Protocol (MTP)?

<p>Maintain adequate tissue oxygenation and hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a critical role in the anesthetic management of patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?

<p>Maintaining normothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for avoiding sickle cell trait complications during anesthesia for patients with SCD?

<p>To prevent painful vaso-occlusive crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key effect of MBT in massive transfusion protocols?

<p>To correct coagulation abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when managing hemorrhage to prevent further deterioration according to the ABC Score?

<p>Avoiding rapid volume resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected lab findings in Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (AvWS)?

<p>Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and low von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in von Willebrand Disease (vWD) types 1 and 2?

<p>Impaired vWF synthesis or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Thromboelastography (TEG) in assessing coagulopathies?

<p>Tests the visco-elastic properties of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment approach for patients with Hemophilia B?

<p>Replacement therapy with factor IX concentrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Factor V mutation contribute to resistance to anticoagulant effect on protein C?

<p>Increases resistance to protein C inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a base deficit measurement reflect in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?

<p>Amount of blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are coagulation tests with long processing times not helpful in managing rapidly evolving blood loss?

<p>They provide delayed results relative to the bleeding severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for resuscitation in patients undergoing massive blood transfusion?

<p>&lt; 60 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

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