40 Questions
What is the first step for hemostasis to occur?
Injury to the vessel wall
What is hemostasis described as?
The prevention of blood loss
What is the primary function of thromboxane A2 in hemostasis?
Vasoconstriction
What is the first step in primary hemostasis?
Vascular constriction
What is the result of the smooth muscle in the vessel wall contracting near the injury point?
Decreased blood loss
What is the primary mechanism of platelet plug formation?
Adhesion, Activation, and Aggregation
What is the main difference between primary and secondary hemostasis?
Primary hemostasis involves vascular spasm and platelet plug formation, secondary hemostasis involves the coagulation cascade
What is the final step in the mechanism of hemostasis?
Growth of fibrous tissue
What is the role of fibrin in coagulation?
Forms a mesh that traps more platelets and erythrocytes
What is the term for the ratio of the patient's prothrombin time to a normal prothrombin time?
International Normalized Ratio (INR)
What is the purpose of the prothrombin activator in coagulation?
Converts prothrombin into thrombin
What are the two types of pathways involved in coagulation?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathways
What is the term for the protein that plays a major role in platelet adhesion and blood clotting?
von Willebrand factor (vWF)
What is the result of the platelet plug formation?
Formation of a clot
What is the term for the ion that plays a crucial role in the blood clotting process?
Calcium ion
What is the term for the process by which the body stops bleeding after an injury?
Hemostasis
What is the role of ADP in platelet activation?
It binds to P2Y12 receptors to activate more platelets
What is the role of thrombin in the coagulation process?
Formation of fibrin fibers
Which platelet receptor is endowed with the capacity to bind fibrinogen after a conformational change?
GP IIb/IIIa
What is the role of glycocalyx in preventing blood clotting?
Preventing platelet adhesion
What is the result of local myogenic spasm in blood vessels?
Reduced blood flow
What is the role of thrombin in the clotting process?
It converts fibrinogen to fibrin, stabilizing the platelet plug
What is the origin of platelets in the body?
Bone marrow from megakaryocytes
What is the function of prostacyclin in the body?
Inhibiting platelet aggregation
What binds to GPIb/Ia to activate more platelets and form bridges?
vWF
What is the role of antithrombin III in the coagulation cascade?
Inhibiting thrombin and Factor Xa
What is the normal range of platelet count in blood?
150,000 to 300,000 units per μL
What is the result of platelet activation on GPIIb/IIIa?
It endows GPIIb/IIIa with the capacity to bind fibrinogen
What is the role of serotonin in platelet activation?
It activates more platelets
What is the function of alpha granules and dense tubules in platelets?
Release of local contractile proteins
What is the purpose of the common pathway in the coagulation cascade?
Forming the prothrombin activator
What is the function of thrombomodulin in the coagulation cascade?
Forming a complex with thrombin
What is the role of fibrinogen in the formation of a platelet plug?
It forms bridges between platelets
What is the purpose of glycoprotein on the platelet cell membrane surface?
To prevent adherence to normal endothelium
What is the role of protein C in the coagulation cascade?
Acting as an anticoagulant
What is the result of the binding of vWF to GPIb/Ia?
It activates more platelets and forms molecular bridges
What is the state of blood in the physiologic state?
Constantly anticoagulated
What is the role of thromboxane A2 in platelets?
Vascular spasm or vascular wall contraction
What is the function of heparin in the coagulation cascade?
Forming a complex with thrombin
What is the result of inhibiting thrombin in the coagulation cascade?
Most of the steps in the coagulation cascade are inhibited
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