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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of pericytes in the brain?
What is the primary function of pericytes in the brain?
- To maintain homeostatic and hemostatic functions (correct)
- To act as a source of skeletal muscle cells
- To form tight junctions with capillary endothelial cells
- To produce collagen fibers in transverse section
Which type of capillary is commonly found in muscles and bones?
Which type of capillary is commonly found in muscles and bones?
- Sinusoidal
- Fenestrated
- Discontinuous
- Continuous (correct)
What is the primary function of capillaries in the brain?
What is the primary function of capillaries in the brain?
- To maintain the blood-brain barrier (correct)
- To act as a source of stem cells
- To produce collagen fibers
- To regulate fluid exchange
Which type of capillary has gaps of 10-100 nm and is found in intestinal villi?
Which type of capillary has gaps of 10-100 nm and is found in intestinal villi?
What is the function of pericytes in angiogenesis?
What is the function of pericytes in angiogenesis?
What type of capillary is found in the liver and spleen?
What type of capillary is found in the liver and spleen?
What is the main function of hemostasis in response to vascular damage?
What is the main function of hemostasis in response to vascular damage?
Which type of artery has a tunica media composed primarily of smooth muscle?
Which type of artery has a tunica media composed primarily of smooth muscle?
What is the function of the tunica adventitia in elastic arteries?
What is the function of the tunica adventitia in elastic arteries?
What is the primary component of the tunica intima in arteries?
What is the primary component of the tunica intima in arteries?
What is the role of the endothelium in the body?
What is the role of the endothelium in the body?
What is the function of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries?
What is the function of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries?
What is the arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries?
What is the arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of arteries?
What is the name of the stain used to visualize elastic fibers in arteries?
What is the name of the stain used to visualize elastic fibers in arteries?
What is the innermost layer of a vessel made up of?
What is the innermost layer of a vessel made up of?
What is the function of the endothelium in hemostasis?
What is the function of the endothelium in hemostasis?
What type of capillary is characterized by small pores that allow for the passage of small molecules?
What type of capillary is characterized by small pores that allow for the passage of small molecules?
What is the outermost layer of a vessel composed of?
What is the outermost layer of a vessel composed of?
What is the function of the endothelium in inflammation?
What is the function of the endothelium in inflammation?
What type of capillary is characterized by a complete basement membrane and is found in muscles and connective tissue?
What type of capillary is characterized by a complete basement membrane and is found in muscles and connective tissue?
What is the role of pericytes in capillaries?
What is the role of pericytes in capillaries?
What is the function of the blood-tissue barrier?
What is the function of the blood-tissue barrier?
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Study Notes
Endothelium
- The endothelium acts as a physical barrier between intravascular and extravascular spaces and regulates fluid distribution, hemostasis, inflammation, and healing.
- Hemostasis is a physiological response to vascular damage, providing mechanisms to seal an injured vessel and prevent blood loss.
Arteries
- Elastic arteries (e.g., Aorta) have three tunics: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia.
- Tunica intima consists of endothelium and loose connective tissue.
- Tunica media is composed of repeating elastic lamellae.
- Tunica adventitia contains vasa vasorum to supply the nutritional needs of the thick tunica media.
Muscular Arteries
- Tunica media is primarily composed of smooth muscle.
- Thickest tunic is tunica media, giving them a round appearance.
- Smooth muscle cells in tunica media regulate diameter and tone (vasodilation/vasoconstriction).
Pericytes
- Pericytes help maintain homeostatic and hemostatic functions in the brain and sustain the blood-brain barrier.
- They proliferate after injury and are a source of stem cells.
- Important in angiogenesis and new vessel formation.
Capillaries
- Classification of capillaries:
- Continuous: Most common, found in muscle, brain, bone, lung, etc.
- Fenestrated: In tissues with substantial fluid exchange, e.g., intestinal villi, choroid plexus.
- Discontinuous (Sinusoidal): Hepatic and splenic sinusoids, allowing large molecules to exit.
Vessel Structure
- Tunics of vessels:
- Innermost: Tunica intima (endothelium, internal elastic membrane, and subendothelial connective tissue).
- Middle: Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic lamellae/fibers).
- Outermost: Tunica adventitia (collagen, may contain blood vessels, nerves, capillaries).
Endothelium Function
- Modulates perfusion.
- Role in inflammation.
- Role in hemostasis.
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