36 Questions
What is the primary definition of a transition element?
An element with an incomplete sub-shell in its ground state or common oxidation state
Why are Zn, Cd, and Hg not considered typical transition elements?
Because they have a fully filled d-subshell
Which of the following elements has an electronic configuration of [Ar] 3d7 4s2?
Manganese
What is the common oxidation state of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury?
+2, +2, +2
Which series of transition elements has partly filled 4d-orbitals?
4d-series
What is the electronic configuration of Yttrium (Y) in its ground state?
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
What is the main reason why an element is called a transition element?
Due to its position between the most electropositive and most electronegative elements
What is the general electronic configuration of transition elements?
[Xe] 5d16s2
Which of the following elements have anomalous electronic configurations?
Platinum and Gold
What is the main difference between transition elements and d-block elements?
Not all d-block elements are transition elements
What is the electron configuration of the fourth transition or 6d-series?
[Rn] 6d17s2
What is the main reason for the anomalous electronic configurations of certain transition elements?
All of the above
Which of the following transition metal ions have completely filled d-orbitals and are therefore colourless?
Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+
What is the reason for the colour of a substance when it absorbs all radiations except one?
It transmits the unabsorbed radiation
What is the term for the energy difference between the two sets of d-orbitals in octahedral or tetrahedral geometries?
ΔE
Which of the following transition metal ions have completely empty d-orbitals and are therefore colourless?
Sc3+ and Ti4+
What is the relationship between the energy of the radiation and the energy difference between the two sets of d-orbitals?
ΔE = hν
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from a transition metal ion?
Ionization Energy
What is the colour of the transmitted light when an IR radiation is absorbed?
Blue-green
Which of the following ions has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?
Fe3+
What is the formula used to calculate the paramagnetic moment of an ion?
μs = 4S(S + 1) BM
What is the characteristic of a substance that is attracted by a magnetic field?
Paramagnetic
What is the relationship between the number of unpaired electrons and the magnetic properties of an ion?
The magnetic properties increase with the increase in the number of unpaired electrons
What is the term for the energy difference between the two sets of d-orbitals in octahedral or tetrahedral geometries?
Crystal Field Splitting Energy
What is the primary reason for the presence of covalent bonding in transition elements?
The presence of unfilled d-orbitals
What is the trend of melting and boiling points across a transition series?
They increase, pass through a maxima, and then decrease across the series
What is the characteristic of the outermost shell in the atoms of transition elements?
Partially filled orbitals
What is the nature of bonding in transition elements?
Both covalent and metallic bonding
What is the reason for the hardness of transition metals?
The presence of covalent bonding
What is the comparative electronegativity of transition elements relative to s-block elements?
Lower than s-block elements
What is the primary reason for the observed minimum atomic radii in the 3d transition series?
Increased nuclear charge due to the addition of protons in the nucleus
What is the effect of the added electrons in the d-orbitals on the atomic radii?
They increase the atomic radii due to increased shielding effect
Why do the atomic radii tend to increase down a group in the transition elements?
Due to the increased shielding effect of the d-electrons
What is the general trend observed in the atomic radii of the 3d transition series?
A decrease in atomic radii followed by an increase
What is the reason for the anomaly observed in the atomic radii of the third transition series from Hf onwards?
The lanthanide contraction
What is the effect of the added electrons in the d-orbitals on the nuclear attraction on the outermost electrons?
They decrease the nuclear attraction
Learn about the characteristics of transition elements, including their position in the periodic table and their electronic configuration. Understand the d-block and f-block elements, and their properties.
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