Transition and Inner Transition Elements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

To which block in the periodic table do transition elements belong?

d-block

What makes transition metals exhibit color in their ionic form?

Incomplete d-orbital

Transition elements are located in Groups ______ to 12 in the periodic table.

3

The general electronic configuration of transition elements is (n-1)d______ns______.

<p>1-10, 1-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected electronic configuration of Chromium (Cr)?

<p>[Ar] 3d^5 4s^1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected electronic configuration of Copper (Cu)?

<p>[Ar] 3d^10 4s^1</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ionic radius of transition elements increases from left to right across the periodic table.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common oxidation state of transition elements?

<p>+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are transition elements known as good conductors of heat and electricity?

<p>The presence of delocalized d-electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the unpaired electrons in transition elements?

<p>Magnetic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common example of an alloy?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a catalyst?

<p>To speed up a chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transition elements are considered homogenous catalysts in all chemical reactions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered inner transition elements?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Lanthanide contraction from Actinide contraction?

<p>The decrease in atomic and ionic radii from left to right within a series.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common ore of Iron?

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

The extraction of metals from their ores is known as ______.

<p>metallurgy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pyrometallurgy involves extracting metals from ores using high temperatures and suitable reducing agents.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Blast Furnace?

<p>To extract iron from its ores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lanthanides are known for their pronounced magnetic properties.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Lanthanides in modern technology?

<p>Lanthanides, particularly Europium and Yttrium, find significant application in color television tubes, due to their ability to emit different colors when bombarded with high-energy electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most notable property of the elements with atomic numbers greater than 92?

<p>Elements having atomic numbers greater than 92 are collectively known as transuranic elements. These elements are renowned for their characteristic radioactivity due to the instability of their nuclei, undergoing radioactive decay processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transition and Inner Transition Elements

  • Transition elements are located in the d-block of the periodic table.
  • Transition metals have incomplete d-orbitals.
  • They exhibit properties intermediate between those of s and p block elements.
  • Transition elements are placed in groups 3 to 12, across periods 4 to 7.
  • The general electronic configuration is (n-1)d1-10ns1-2.
  • 3d to 6d elements are included in the transition elements.

d-Series

  • The 3d, 4d, 5d and 6d series are shown in the table.
  • Each series contains elements with varying atomic numbers (e.g., 21 Sc to 30 Zn for 3d series).

Electronic Configuration of d-block elements

  • 3d = [Ar] 3d1-10 4s1-2
  • 4d = [Kr] 4d1-10 5s1-2
  • 5d = [Xe] 5d1-10 6s1-2
  • 6d = [Rn] 6d1-10 7s1-2

Electronic Configuration of Chromium and Copper

  • The expected configurations differ from the observed configurations for Cr and Cu due to the stability of half-filled and fully filled electronic orbitals.
  • Cr - Expected: [Ar] 3d4 4s2 ; Observed: [Ar] 3d5 4s1
  • Cu - Expected: [Ar] 3d9 4s2; Observed: [Ar] 3d10 4s1

Physical Properties

  • All transition elements are metals.
  • They are hard, malleable, and ductile.
  • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Transition metals have high melting points and boiling points.
  • Atomic/ionic radii generally decrease across the series due to increasing effective nuclear charge.

Ionic Radii of Transition Elements

  • Ionic radii of transition elements decrease from left to right.
  • Elements with the same oxidation state show different ionic radii, depending on the oxidation state.

Ionization Enthalpy

  • Ionization enthalpy increases across the series.
  • The first ionisation enthalpy in transition elements is higher than that of alkali or alkaline earth metals but lower than that of p-block elements.

Oxidation States

  • The oxidation states of transition metals are numerous and variable.
  • Transition metals in low oxidation states tend to form ionic bonds, whereas in higher oxidation states they tend to form covalent bonds.

Transition Metal Compounds

  • The colors of transition metal compounds often stem from the presence of unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals and also involve the nature of ligands attached to the metal ions.

Catalytic Properties

  • Transition metals often function as catalysts in homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis.
  • Transition metals provide surface area for reactants to react.

Interstitial Compounds

  • Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms like C, B, H, etc are trapped in the interstitial spaces of the crystal lattice of metals.
  • They are hard and good conductors of electricity, with properties similar to their parent metal
  • With high melting points, higher densities than the parent metal.

Alloys

  • Alloys are formed by mixing metals to improve properties.
  • Ferrous alloys contain iron (e.g., steel), while nonferrous alloys do not (e.g., brass).

Ores

  • An ore is a naturally occurring substance containing a high percentage of metal.
  • Several ores of transition metals are listed (Haematite, Chalcopyrite, Zinc blend, etc).

Metallurgy

  • Metallurgy is the process of extracting metals from their ores.
  • Different types of metallurgy exist (e.g., pyro, hydro, electro) involving different methods.

Reactivity of Metals

  • The reactivity of metals depends on their ability to lose electrons
  • The order of reactivity for some elements is given (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu).

Extraction of Iron

  • The extraction of iron from hematite involves several stages and materials(e.g., haematite, coke, limestone,blast furnace).

Reactions in a Blast Furnace

  • The reaction in a blast furnace involves several stages (e.g., combustion of coke, reduction of iron oxide).

Inner Transition Elements (Lanthanides and Actinides)

  • The lanthanides and actinides are inner transition elements filling f-orbitals in the 6th and 7th periods, respectively.
  • The lanthanides show similar chemical properties due to lanthanide contraction and filling of 4f orbitals.
  • The f-block elements show variable oxidation states.

Lanthanide Contraction

  • The decrease in atomic and ionic radii of the lanthanides across the series is known as lanthanide contraction.

Oxidation States of Lanthanides

  • The common oxidation state of lanthanides is +3.

Post-Actinides

  • Post-actinides are elements beyond atomic number 92, the heaviest naturally occurring element.

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Transition and Inner Transition Elements PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on transition and inner transition elements with this quiz. Explore their properties, electronic configurations, and the various d-series elements in the periodic table. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential topic.

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