Electronic Configurations of d Block Elements

Electron Configuration of Transition Elements

• Titanium's outermost electron configuration is not specified in the given text.
• The element with the electron configuration 3d5 4s2 is Manganese (Mn).
• The maximum number of electrons permissible in the d orbitals is 10.

Electron Configuration of Copper and Other Elements

• The electron configuration of copper (Z=29) is 3d10 4s1.
• The element with the electron configuration 3d6 4s2 is Iron (Fe).

d Block Elements

• Elements with a partly filled d subshell belong to the d block.
• The maximum permissible number of electrons in the 4d subshell is 10.
• Zinc (Zn) is excluded from the Second transition series based on the definition of d block elements.

Third Transition Series

• The starting element of the Third transition series is Lanthanum (La).

Anomalous Configurations

• Relativistic effects play a significant role in determining the anomalous configurations of some elements.

Lanthanides

• The principal oxidation state of lanthanides such as La, Gd, and Lu is +3.
• The size of M^{3+} cations decreases in the lanthanide series.
• The main cause of the color exhibited by some trivalent lanthanide ions in the solid state and aqueous solution is the absorption of light in the visible region.
• Some lanthanides exhibit oxidation states +2 or +4 in addition to the +3 state to attain stable configurations.
• Lanthanides are also known as the "rare earth" elements.
• The 4f-block elements comprise the Lanthanide series.

Occurrence of Lanthanides

• The principal source of lanthanides is the minerals of the rare earth group.

Electronic Configuration

• Lanthanum (La) has the electronic configuration [Xe] 4f^{3}5d^{0}6s^{2}.
• The lanthanide elements show close similarity due to the similarity in their electronic configurations.