37 Questions
Which type of immune cell can secrete soluble antibodies?
Plasma cells
Which lymphoid organ is responsible for the maturation of T cells?
Thymus
What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?
Provide the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers
Which type of bone marrow is responsible for the development of B cells?
Red bone marrow
What is the primary function of the secondary lymphoid organs?
To filter lymph fluid and initiate immune responses
What is the main function of lymph nodes?
Filtering lymph and removing debris and pathogens
Where are lymphoid nodules found in the body?
In the respiratory and digestive tracts
What is the role of dendritic cells in the spleen?
Filtering blood
Why do tonsils swell during an active immune response?
As a result of an infection
What is the function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the body?
Hosting lymphoid follicles on various body parts
What is the significance of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs?
Contain sites for rapidly dividing B cells and plasma cells
Which cells and organs destroy pathogens?
Cells and organs of the lymphatic system
What is the major staging area for the development of a critical immune response?
Lymph nodes
How does lymph move in the lymphatic vessels?
By breathing, muscle contraction, and body movements
Which areas of the body lack lymph vessels?
Bone marrow, CNS, teeth, and cornea
Where do all leukocytes come from?
Red marrow (myeloid or lymphoid)
Which cells produce plasma cells that bind to antigens?
B cells
Which type of immune response is slower to develop but highly specific and effective at attacking a wide variety of pathogens?
Adaptive immune response
Which immune cell is known to release perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in an infected cell?
Natural killer cell
What is the function of opsonization in the immune system?
Enhancing phagocytosis of pathogens
Which protein puts holes in the membranes of infected cells?
Perforins
What type of antigen is specific to bacteria and red blood cells?
Carb antigen
Which immune cell plays a central role in the inflammatory response by releasing histamine?
Neutrophil
Which cells specifically induce neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins?
Interferons
What is the primary role of cytokines in the immune system?
Enabling communication between nearby cells
Which type of immune response is rapid, nonspecific, but not always effective against pathogens?
Innate immune response
What occurs when an adaptive immune response begins to attack the body's own cells?
Autoimmune disease
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune response?
To present antigen at the site of infection and stimulate phagocytosis
What is the main function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?
To stimulate the production of antibodies that neutralize pathogens
What is the purpose of the negative selection process during T cell development?
To eliminate T cells that might attack the body's own cells
Which type of T cell is responsible for regulating the activity of B cells and their differentiation into plasma cells?
Th2 cells
What is the primary function of IgA antibodies in the immune system?
To protect mucosal surfaces from pathogen invasion
What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill infected or cancerous cells?
By inducing apoptosis in the target cells through the release of cytotoxic granules
What is the primary purpose of the clonal expansion process in the adaptive immune response?
To increase the number of effector and memory cells specific to a particular antigen
What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity involves the production of memory cells, while passive immunity does not
How do IgE antibodies contribute to the immune response against parasitic infections?
IgE enhances the cytotoxic activity of eosinophils, which then attack and kill the parasites
What is the primary function of regulatory T cells in the immune system?
To suppress the activity of other T cells and prevent autoimmune responses
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems covered in Chapter 21. Explore topics such as immune system cells, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and the absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
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