The Lymphatic and Immune System: Chapter 21 Anatomy

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What happens when a B cell attaches to an antigen?

The B cell secretes antibodies

The B cell differentiates into a plasma cell (correct)

The B cell becomes a T cell

The B cell is destroyed

What is the primary function of T cells?

To destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens

Both a and b (correct)

To secrete chemokines and bring other immune cells to the area

To produce antibodies

Where do B cells develop?

Spleen

Bone marrow (correct)

Lymph nodes

Thymus

What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?

To contain cell-killing granules and provide an innate immune response Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thymus gland over time?

It begins shrinking at birth and may be completely gone by age 120 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

Transporting excess fluid to the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the major staging area for the development of a critical immune response?

Lymph node Signup and view all the answers

How does lymph move through the body?

Through muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which cells coordinate the adaptive immune response?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

Where do all leukocytes originate from?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response is rapid but non-specific?

Innate immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Removing debris and pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is described as having extensive vascularization and is known as the 'filter of the Blood'?

Spleen Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are mainly found in lymphoid nodules?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What causes the swelling of tonsils?

Active immune response to infection Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels enter the lymph nodes?

Afferent lymphatic vessels Signup and view all the answers

Where is Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mainly found?

Lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

To effectively defend against inhaled pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a barrier defense mechanism?

Adaptive immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of macrophages in the innate immune response?

To phagocytose and destroy pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the complement system?

To opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory response?

To attract phagocytes to the site of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses?

The primary response is slower, the secondary is faster Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between class I and class II MHC molecules?

Class I is expressed by all cells, class II is only expressed by professional APCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells in the innate immune response?

To induce apoptosis in infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune response?

To recognize pathogens or molecules released by stressed/damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interferons in the innate immune response?

To tell nearby cells to make antiviral proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present antigens to T cells in the lymph nodes?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that eliminates self-reactive T cells during T cell development?

Negative selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of helper T cells?

Secreting cytokines to enhance other immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of helper T cell regulates the activity of B cells?

Th2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a single T cell recognizes an antigen and rapidly divides into many effector and memory T cells?

Clonal expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell directly kills infected or cancerous cells?

Cytotoxic T cells Signup and view all the answers