The Lymphatic and Immune System: Chapter 21 Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Where do B cells develop?

  • Spleen
  • Yellow bone marrow
  • Red bone marrow (correct)
  • Thymus

What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

  • Contain cell killing granules
  • Store energy as fat in yellow bone marrow
  • Differentiate into plasma cells
  • Secrete chemokines to bring other immune cells to the area (correct)

Which immune cell type is considered the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers?

  • Natural Killer cells (correct)
  • Plasma cells
  • T cells
  • B cells

Where do T cells mature?

<p>Thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plasma cells primarily secrete?

<p>Soluble antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are germinal centers located in the body?

<p>Within lymph nodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

<p>Filtering lymph (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dendritic cells in lymph nodes?

<p>Killing pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) found?

<p>GI tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might tonsils be removed in some cases?

<p>Interference with breathing or swallowing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes lymphoid nodules?

<p>Dense clusters of lymphocytes without a fibrous capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

<p>To filter pathogens and return excess fluid to the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate?

<p>Red bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?

<p>Ingesting pathogens through phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

<p>It is propelled by breathing, muscle contractions, and body movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas of the body does NOT have lymph vessels?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B cells?

<p>To produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is slower to develop but highly specific and effective against a wide variety of pathogens?

<p>Adaptive immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

<p>Release perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in infected cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein-digesting enzyme enters infected cells and triggers apoptosis?

<p>Granzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of opsonization in the immune system?

<p>Tag pathogens for phagocytosis by binding antibodies or antimicrobial proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells respond to an injured area by releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins?

<p>Mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T cells in the immune system?

<p>Recognize and attack a variety of pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of T cells is specific for binding to a single particular antigen?

<p>Variable region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Carb antigen' typically refers to antigens found in which type of pathogens?

<p>Bacteria and RBCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a pattern recognition receptor in the immune system?

<p>Recognize pathogens or molecules released by stressed or damaged cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates macrophages from monocytes in the immune system?

<p>Differentiation potential into dendritic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for presenting antigen to T cells and stimulating the immune response?

<p>Macrophage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of helper T cells in the immune response?

<p>Secreting cytokines to enhance other immune responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the negative selection process during T cell development in the thymus?

<p>To eliminate T cells that might attack the body's own cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

<p>The primary response is weaker and takes longer, while the secondary response is stronger and faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgA antibodies?

<p>To provide protection at mucosal surfaces against pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of regulatory T cells in the immune system?

<p>To suppress other T cell immune responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?

<p>By inducing apoptosis in the target cells through the release of cytotoxic granules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?

<p>Active immunity provides long-lasting protection, while passive immunity provides short-term protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fungal infections differ from bacterial infections in terms of the immune response?

<p>Fungal infections are attacked by eosinophils after IgE labeling, while bacterial infections are killed by lysosomes and nitric oxide within macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the process of clonal selection during the T cell immune response?

<p>To stimulate the rapid division and expansion of T cells with the specific receptor that binds to the antigen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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