37 Questions
Where do B cells develop?
Red bone marrow
What is the role of T cells in the immune response?
Secrete chemokines to bring other immune cells to the area
Which immune cell type is considered the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers?
Natural Killer cells
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What do plasma cells primarily secrete?
Soluble antibodies
Where are germinal centers located in the body?
Within lymph nodes
What is the main function of lymph nodes?
Filtering lymph
What is the role of dendritic cells in lymph nodes?
Killing pathogens
Where is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) found?
GI tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes
Why might tonsils be removed in some cases?
Interference with breathing or swallowing
What characterizes lymphoid nodules?
Dense clusters of lymphocytes without a fibrous capsule
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
To filter pathogens and return excess fluid to the bloodstream
Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate?
Red bone marrow
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?
Ingesting pathogens through phagocytosis
How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?
It is propelled by breathing, muscle contractions, and body movements
Which of the following areas of the body does NOT have lymph vessels?
Bone marrow
What is the primary function of B cells?
To produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens
Which type of immune response is slower to develop but highly specific and effective against a wide variety of pathogens?
Adaptive immune response
What is the function of natural killer cells in the immune system?
Release perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in infected cells
Which protein-digesting enzyme enters infected cells and triggers apoptosis?
Granzymes
What is the role of opsonization in the immune system?
Tag pathogens for phagocytosis by binding antibodies or antimicrobial proteins
Which cells respond to an injured area by releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins?
Mast cells
What is the primary function of T cells in the immune system?
Recognize and attack a variety of pathogens
Which region of T cells is specific for binding to a single particular antigen?
Variable region
'Carb antigen' typically refers to antigens found in which type of pathogens?
Bacteria and RBCs
What is the main function of a pattern recognition receptor in the immune system?
Recognize pathogens or molecules released by stressed or damaged cells
What differentiates macrophages from monocytes in the immune system?
Differentiation potential into dendritic cells
Which type of cell is responsible for presenting antigen to T cells and stimulating the immune response?
Macrophage
What is the main role of helper T cells in the immune response?
Secreting cytokines to enhance other immune responses
What is the purpose of the negative selection process during T cell development in the thymus?
To eliminate T cells that might attack the body's own cells
What is the main difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?
The primary response is weaker and takes longer, while the secondary response is stronger and faster
What is the primary function of IgA antibodies?
To provide protection at mucosal surfaces against pathogens
What is the main role of regulatory T cells in the immune system?
To suppress other T cell immune responses
What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?
By inducing apoptosis in the target cells through the release of cytotoxic granules
What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity provides long-lasting protection, while passive immunity provides short-term protection
How do fungal infections differ from bacterial infections in terms of the immune response?
Fungal infections are attacked by eosinophils after IgE labeling, while bacterial infections are killed by lysosomes and nitric oxide within macrophages
What is the purpose of the process of clonal selection during the T cell immune response?
To stimulate the rapid division and expansion of T cells with the specific receptor that binds to the antigen
Learn about the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems, including cells, organs, and functions like destroying pathogens and filtering excess fluid. Explore the role of lymph, dietary lipids absorption, and the significance of lymph nodes as critical immunological staging areas.
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