The Lymphatic and Immune System: Chapter 21 Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Where do B cells develop?

  • Spleen
  • Yellow bone marrow
  • Red bone marrow (correct)
  • Thymus

    • What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

  • Contain cell killing granules
  • Store energy as fat in yellow bone marrow
  • Differentiate into plasma cells
  • Secrete chemokines to bring other immune cells to the area (correct)

    • Which immune cell type is considered the first line of defense against viruses and some cancers?

  • Natural Killer cells (correct)
  • Plasma cells
  • T cells
  • B cells

    • Where do T cells mature?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do plasma cells primarily secrete?

    <p>Soluble antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are germinal centers located in the body?

    <p>Within lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Filtering lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendritic cells in lymph nodes?

    <p>Killing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) found?

    <p>GI tract, breast tissue, lungs, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might tonsils be removed in some cases?

    <p>Interference with breathing or swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes lymphoid nodules?

    <p>Dense clusters of lymphocytes without a fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To filter pathogens and return excess fluid to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do all leukocytes (white blood cells) originate?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphocytes?

    <p>Ingesting pathogens through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does lymph move through the lymphatic vessels?

    <p>It is propelled by breathing, muscle contractions, and body movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas of the body does NOT have lymph vessels?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B cells?

    <p>To produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is slower to develop but highly specific and effective against a wide variety of pathogens?

    <p>Adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of natural killer cells in the immune system?

    <p>Release perforins and granzymes to induce apoptosis in infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein-digesting enzyme enters infected cells and triggers apoptosis?

    <p>Granzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of opsonization in the immune system?

    <p>Tag pathogens for phagocytosis by binding antibodies or antimicrobial proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells respond to an injured area by releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T cells in the immune system?

    <p>Recognize and attack a variety of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of T cells is specific for binding to a single particular antigen?

    <p>Variable region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Carb antigen' typically refers to antigens found in which type of pathogens?

    <p>Bacteria and RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a pattern recognition receptor in the immune system?

    <p>Recognize pathogens or molecules released by stressed or damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates macrophages from monocytes in the immune system?

    <p>Differentiation potential into dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for presenting antigen to T cells and stimulating the immune response?

    <p>Macrophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of helper T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Secreting cytokines to enhance other immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the negative selection process during T cell development in the thymus?

    <p>To eliminate T cells that might attack the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

    <p>The primary response is weaker and takes longer, while the secondary response is stronger and faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IgA antibodies?

    <p>To provide protection at mucosal surfaces against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of regulatory T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To suppress other T cell immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?

    <p>By inducing apoptosis in the target cells through the release of cytotoxic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between active and passive immunity?

    <p>Active immunity provides long-lasting protection, while passive immunity provides short-term protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fungal infections differ from bacterial infections in terms of the immune response?

    <p>Fungal infections are attacked by eosinophils after IgE labeling, while bacterial infections are killed by lysosomes and nitric oxide within macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the process of clonal selection during the T cell immune response?

    <p>To stimulate the rapid division and expansion of T cells with the specific receptor that binds to the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

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