37 Questions
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
Transporting excess fluid to the bloodstream
How does lymph mainly move through the lymphatic vessels?
By muscle contraction, breathing, body movements
Which area of the body does not have lymph vessels?
CNS (Central Nervous System)
Which cell type coordinates the adaptive immunity in the immune system?
B cells
Which type of immune response is rapid but non-specific?
Innate immune response
Where do all leukocytes, including myeloid and lymphoid cells, originate from?
Red marrow
Which of the following is NOT a function of T cells?
Secrete soluble antibodies
Where do B cells develop?
Red bone marrow
What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?
Provide an innate immune response against viruses and some cancers
Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary lymphoid organ?
Thymus
What happens to the thymus as a person ages?
It begins shrinking at birth and may totally be gone at age 120
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?
Filter the blood
What is the primary function of the spleen?
Extensive vascularization and acts as a 'filter of the blood'
Which of the following statements about tonsils is NOT true?
They have a fibrous capsule surrounding them
What is the primary function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?
Provide lymphoid follicles in mucosal areas like the GI tract, lungs, and eyes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymphoid nodules?
Surrounded by a fibrous capsule
What is the primary function of germinal centers in lymph nodes and nodules?
Sites for rapidly dividing B cells and plasma cells
What is the primary function of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?
To provide an effective defense against inhaled pathogens
Which of the following is NOT a barrier defense mechanism?
Macrophages
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune response?
To provide reinforcement and cooperate with lymphocytes
Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?
Inducing apoptosis in infected cells
What is the primary function of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response?
To cause vasodilation and increase pain sensitivity
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
Effective against all pathogens
What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in T cell recognition?
To present antigens to T cells for recognition
Which type of MHC molecule is expressed by all human cells?
Class I MHC
What is the role of autoimmune diseases in the adaptive immune response?
The adaptive immune response begins to attack the body's own cells
Which of the following is a function of perforins in the innate immune response?
To put holes in the membranes of infected cells
Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?
Th1 cells
What is the process called where a mature T cell recognizes an antigen and divides rapidly by mitosis, leading to a strong immune response against a pathogen?
Clonal expansion
Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis, and can cause mast cells to degranulate?
IgE
What is the process called where cells that bind to "self" cells are eliminated in the bone marrow during B cell maturation?
Central tolerance
Which type of immune response is acquired by being exposed to a killed or weakened pathogen, stimulating the body to produce memory cells without suffering through an initial exposure?
Vaccine
What is the process called where antibody levels rise in the blood as pathogen levels decline, and vice versa?
Seroconversion
Which type of T cell secretes cytokines to enhance B cell differentiation into plasma cells that make antibodies?
Th2 cells
What is the process called where a pathogen is coated by antibodies, making it impossible for the pathogen to bind to a receptor, and forming the basis for protection due to vaccines?
Neutralization
Which type of cell is responsible for killing the cause of leprosy by producing nitric oxide inside the macrophage?
Macrophages
What is the process called where the antigen binds only to the T cell with the specific receptor for that antigen?
Clonal selection
Explore the anatomy of the lymphatic and immune systems, including the functions of immune system cells and organs, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes. Learn about the transportation of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins through the lymphatic system to the liver.
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