The Lymphatic and Immune System: Anatomy Chapter 21
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

  • Transporting excess fluid to the bloodstream (correct)
  • Producing red blood cells
  • Absorbing glucose from the diet
  • Destroying pathogens

How does lymph mainly move through the lymphatic vessels?

  • By nerve impulses
  • By muscle contraction, breathing, body movements (correct)
  • By contraction of lymphatic vessels
  • By heartbeat

Which area of the body does not have lymph vessels?

  • Bone marrow
  • Intestines
  • Skin
  • CNS (Central Nervous System) (correct)

Which cell type coordinates the adaptive immunity in the immune system?

<p>B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is rapid but non-specific?

<p>Innate immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do all leukocytes, including myeloid and lymphoid cells, originate from?

<p>Red marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of T cells?

<p>Secrete soluble antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells develop?

<p>Red bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?

<p>Provide an innate immune response against viruses and some cancers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary lymphoid organ?

<p>Thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the thymus as a person ages?

<p>It begins shrinking at birth and may totally be gone at age 120 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

<p>Filter the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen?

<p>Extensive vascularization and acts as a 'filter of the blood' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tonsils is NOT true?

<p>They have a fibrous capsule surrounding them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

<p>Provide lymphoid follicles in mucosal areas like the GI tract, lungs, and eyes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymphoid nodules?

<p>Surrounded by a fibrous capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of germinal centers in lymph nodes and nodules?

<p>Sites for rapidly dividing B cells and plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

<p>To provide an effective defense against inhaled pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a barrier defense mechanism?

<p>Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune response?

<p>To provide reinforcement and cooperate with lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

<p>Inducing apoptosis in infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response?

<p>To cause vasodilation and increase pain sensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?

<p>Effective against all pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in T cell recognition?

<p>To present antigens to T cells for recognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of MHC molecule is expressed by all human cells?

<p>Class I MHC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of autoimmune diseases in the adaptive immune response?

<p>The adaptive immune response begins to attack the body's own cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of perforins in the innate immune response?

<p>To put holes in the membranes of infected cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?

<p>Th1 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where a mature T cell recognizes an antigen and divides rapidly by mitosis, leading to a strong immune response against a pathogen?

<p>Clonal expansion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis, and can cause mast cells to degranulate?

<p>IgE (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where cells that bind to "self" cells are eliminated in the bone marrow during B cell maturation?

<p>Central tolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is acquired by being exposed to a killed or weakened pathogen, stimulating the body to produce memory cells without suffering through an initial exposure?

<p>Vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where antibody levels rise in the blood as pathogen levels decline, and vice versa?

<p>Seroconversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell secretes cytokines to enhance B cell differentiation into plasma cells that make antibodies?

<p>Th2 cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where a pathogen is coated by antibodies, making it impossible for the pathogen to bind to a receptor, and forming the basis for protection due to vaccines?

<p>Neutralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is responsible for killing the cause of leprosy by producing nitric oxide inside the macrophage?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where the antigen binds only to the T cell with the specific receptor for that antigen?

<p>Clonal selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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