The Lymphatic and Immune System: Anatomy Chapter 21
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

  • Transporting excess fluid to the bloodstream (correct)
  • Producing red blood cells
  • Absorbing glucose from the diet
  • Destroying pathogens

    • How does lymph mainly move through the lymphatic vessels?

  • By nerve impulses
  • By muscle contraction, breathing, body movements (correct)
  • By contraction of lymphatic vessels
  • By heartbeat

    • Which area of the body does not have lymph vessels?

  • Bone marrow
  • Intestines
  • Skin
  • CNS (Central Nervous System) (correct)

    • Which cell type coordinates the adaptive immunity in the immune system?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is rapid but non-specific?

    <p>Innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do all leukocytes, including myeloid and lymphoid cells, originate from?

    <p>Red marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of T cells?

    <p>Secrete soluble antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells develop?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Natural Killer cells?

    <p>Provide an innate immune response against viruses and some cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary lymphoid organ?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the thymus as a person ages?

    <p>It begins shrinking at birth and may totally be gone at age 120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Filter the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spleen?

    <p>Extensive vascularization and acts as a 'filter of the blood'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tonsils is NOT true?

    <p>They have a fibrous capsule surrounding them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)?

    <p>Provide lymphoid follicles in mucosal areas like the GI tract, lungs, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymphoid nodules?

    <p>Surrounded by a fibrous capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of germinal centers in lymph nodes and nodules?

    <p>Sites for rapidly dividing B cells and plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)?

    <p>To provide an effective defense against inhaled pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a barrier defense mechanism?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils in the innate immune response?

    <p>To provide reinforcement and cooperate with lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

    <p>Inducing apoptosis in infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prostaglandins in the inflammatory response?

    <p>To cause vasodilation and increase pain sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Effective against all pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in T cell recognition?

    <p>To present antigens to T cells for recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of MHC molecule is expressed by all human cells?

    <p>Class I MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of autoimmune diseases in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The adaptive immune response begins to attack the body's own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of perforins in the innate immune response?

    <p>To put holes in the membranes of infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell regulates the activity of macrophages and other T cells?

    <p>Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where a mature T cell recognizes an antigen and divides rapidly by mitosis, leading to a strong immune response against a pathogen?

    <p>Clonal expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibody is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis, and can cause mast cells to degranulate?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where cells that bind to "self" cells are eliminated in the bone marrow during B cell maturation?

    <p>Central tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is acquired by being exposed to a killed or weakened pathogen, stimulating the body to produce memory cells without suffering through an initial exposure?

    <p>Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where antibody levels rise in the blood as pathogen levels decline, and vice versa?

    <p>Seroconversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell secretes cytokines to enhance B cell differentiation into plasma cells that make antibodies?

    <p>Th2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where a pathogen is coated by antibodies, making it impossible for the pathogen to bind to a receptor, and forming the basis for protection due to vaccines?

    <p>Neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for killing the cause of leprosy by producing nitric oxide inside the macrophage?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where the antigen binds only to the T cell with the specific receptor for that antigen?

    <p>Clonal selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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