28 Questions
What is the percentage contribution of Plasma HCO3 to the body's buffering?
35%
Where is carbonic anhydrase present in the human body?
Kidneys
Which buffer system is most predominant in the Extracellular fluid of the body?
Bicarbonate buffer system
What is the main function of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme?
Catalyzing the formation of H2CO3
Which buffer system helps in controlling the pH of the Extracellular Fluid precisely?
Bicarbonate buffer system
What is the percentage contribution of Haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin to the body's non-bicarbonate buffering?
35%
What is the normal pH of arterial blood?
7.4
Which substance acts as a proton donor?
H+
What is the lower limit of pH at which a person can live more than a few hours?
6.8
Which of the following refers to metallic hydroxides?
NaOH
What is the upper limit of pH at which a person can live more than a few hours?
8.0
Which factor influences the pH of body fluids through production of volatile acids?
CO2 production from cell metabolism
What is the main respiratory response to metabolic acidosis?
Deep breathing
What is the primary disturbance in metabolic acidosis?
Low plasma pH
What is the main renal compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
Increased excretion of fixed H+ as titrable acid
What leads to respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis?
Decreased arterial pCO2
What is the kidney's role in controlling metabolic acidosis?
Slow but effective renal compensation
What is the compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
Renal compensation
How does decreased pCO2 in renal cells impact H+ secretion?
Increases H+ secretion
What is the role of the plasma anion gap in diagnosing metabolic acidosis?
Identifying causes of metabolic acidosis
In cases of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, what happens to the plasma anion gap?
It remains normal
What is the difference between respiratory and renal compensatory mechanisms for acid-base disorders?
Respiratory compensation involves ventilation changes
How do non-renal factors contribute to metabolic acidosis?
By reducing plasma HCO3− concentration
Which of the following measurements is NOT used to diagnose simple acid-base disorders?
Serum electrolyte levels
Which of the following is the preferred treatment for neutralizing excess acid in acidosis?
Both b and c
Which of the following is the correct treatment for metabolic alkalosis associated with extracellular fluid volume depletion but no heart failure?
Isotonic saline solution infusion
What is the effect of severe acidosis on neurons?
Decreased neuron excitability
What is the correct treatment for metabolic alkalosis when ammonium chloride is administered?
Both a and b are correct
Learn about the maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular fluid through fluid balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. Understand the exchange between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). Explore the concepts of acids, bases, and alkalies.
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