Body Fluid Balance and Compartments Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of Hypernatremia?

  • Kidney disease
  • Increased aldosterone
  • Dehydration (correct)
  • Low sodium levels

Which system converts strong acids and strong bases into weak acids and bases?

  • Phosphate buffer system
  • Renal system
  • Respiratory system
  • Protein buffer system (correct)

What causes Metabolic acidosis?

  • Decrease in carbonic acid
  • Decrease in bicarbonate (correct)
  • Increase in bicarbonate
  • Increase in carbonic acid

What is the role of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system?

<p>Balancing pH in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to decreased blood pH, what is the effect of respiratory compensation?

<p>Slows respirations - hyperventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Hypovolemia?

<p>Abnormally low blood volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ADH in regulating water balance?

<p>Reducing urine output by promoting water reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone helps increase sodium and water reabsorption from urine back into the bloodstream?

<p>Aldosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the thirst centers responsible for regulating water intake located?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about plasma compared to Interstitial Fluid (IF) is correct?

<p>Plasma carries more proteins and Na ions compared to IF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of water gain in the body?

<p>Ingested liquids and foods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of fluid balance, what does water intoxication refer to?

<p>Excessive intake of water with output not matching intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Increases reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the highest concentration of fluids in the body found?

<p>Intracellular (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in water balance regulation?

<p>Increased blood osmolality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a role in increasing sodium excretion in urine to help reduce blood pressure and blood volume?

<p>Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do osmoreceptors contribute to the regulation of water balance?

<p>Stimulate ADH release in response to low blood osmolality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the difference between extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

<p>ICF has a higher phosphate ion concentration than ECF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the body?

<p>Move fluid from interstitial fluid into capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base balance, what is the main cause of Respiratory acidosis?

<p>Elevated carbonic acid concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which the Renal compensation system restores blood pH balance?

<p>Absorption of H+ and bicarbonate ions by kidney tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from an abnormal increase in potassium levels in the blood?

<p>Hyperkalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Protein buffer system in maintaining pH balance?

<p>Absorbing H+ ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hypovolemia differ from Hypernatremia in terms of their impact on blood volume?

<p>Hypovolemia leads to abnormally low blood volume while Hypernatremia results in high blood volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (IFCOP) in the body?

<p>Moving fluid from interstitial fluid into capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base balance, what is the primary cause of Metabolic alkalosis?

<p>Increase in bicarbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hyperkalemia differ from Hypovolemia in terms of their impact on blood?

<p>Shifts from ICF to ECF (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the phosphate buffer system in maintaining pH balance?

<p>Regulating phosphate ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Respiratory compensation respond to increased blood pH?

<p>Hypoventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Acidosis in terms of pH level?

<p>$pH &lt; 7.35$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does water intoxication refer to in the context of fluid balance?

<p>Steady water intake without adequate output resulting in electrolyte imbalance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ECF vs. ICF comparison, which statement is correct regarding intracellular fluid?

<p>It has a higher concentration of potassium and phosphate ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water back into the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the thirst centers responsible for regulating water intake mainly located?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, leading to increased sodium excretion in urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between plasma and Interstitial Fluid (IF)?

<p>Plasma carries more proteins and sodium but fewer chloride ions compared to IF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aldosterone in maintaining fluid balance?

<p>Promotes water retention by enhancing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are osmoreceptors primarily located to regulate water balance?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) on sodium levels during fluid balance regulation?

<p>Enhances sodium excretion in urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of water gain that contributes to fluid balance?

<p>ATP from tissue catabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ECF vs. ICF comparison, which cation is prominently found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

<p>Sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water intoxication impact fluid balance regulation?

<p>Disrupts the equal gain and loss of fluid principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base balance, what characterizes Metabolic acidosis?

<p>Decrease in bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Renal compensation system respond to an increase in blood pH?

<p>Secretes more H+ and absorbs more bicarbonate ion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Hypovolemia?

<p>Decrease in aldosterone and vigorous diuretic therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

<p>Synthesize and reabsorb bicarbonate ion by kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of Hypernatremia on sodium levels?

<p>Increase in dietary intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of Aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Increases blood volume through water reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the regulation of water balance?

<p>Increases the reabsorption of sodium and water from the urine back into the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid (IF)?

<p>Plasma carries more proteins than IF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the osmoreceptors primarily located for regulating water balance?

<p>Brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Increases sodium and water reabsorption from urine into the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water intoxication impact fluid balance regulation?

<p>Causes decreased urine output by increasing water reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of water loss that contributes to fluid balance?

<p><em>Sweating</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Metabolic acidosis?

<p>Decrease in bicarbonate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Respiratory acidosis differ from Metabolic acidosis in terms of pH balance?

<p>Both result in decreased pH levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) in fluid balance regulation?

<p>Inhibit aldosterone secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hypovolemia differ from Edema?

<p>Hypovolemia is low blood volume, while Edema is an abnormal increase in intercellular fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

<p>Maintaining blood pH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base balance, what characterizes Alkalosis?

<p>pH greater than 7.35 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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