Body Fluid Balance and Compartments Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of Hypernatremia?

  • Kidney disease
  • Increased aldosterone
  • Dehydration (correct)
  • Low sodium levels

    • Which system converts strong acids and strong bases into weak acids and bases?

  • Phosphate buffer system
  • Renal system
  • Respiratory system
  • Protein buffer system (correct)

    • What causes Metabolic acidosis?

  • Decrease in carbonic acid
  • Decrease in bicarbonate (correct)
  • Increase in bicarbonate
  • Increase in carbonic acid

    • What is the role of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>Balancing pH in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to decreased blood pH, what is the effect of respiratory compensation?

    <p>Slows respirations - hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Hypovolemia?

    <p>Abnormally low blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ADH in regulating water balance?

    <p>Reducing urine output by promoting water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps increase sodium and water reabsorption from urine back into the bloodstream?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the thirst centers responsible for regulating water intake located?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about plasma compared to Interstitial Fluid (IF) is correct?

    <p>Plasma carries more proteins and Na ions compared to IF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of water gain in the body?

    <p>Ingested liquids and foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fluid balance, what does water intoxication refer to?

    <p>Excessive intake of water with output not matching intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Increases reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest concentration of fluids in the body found?

    <p>Intracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in water balance regulation?

    <p>Increased blood osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a role in increasing sodium excretion in urine to help reduce blood pressure and blood volume?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do osmoreceptors contribute to the regulation of water balance?

    <p>Stimulate ADH release in response to low blood osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the difference between extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>ICF has a higher phosphate ion concentration than ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the body?

    <p>Move fluid from interstitial fluid into capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acid-base balance, what is the main cause of Respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Elevated carbonic acid concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which the Renal compensation system restores blood pH balance?

    <p>Absorption of H+ and bicarbonate ions by kidney tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from an abnormal increase in potassium levels in the blood?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Protein buffer system in maintaining pH balance?

    <p>Absorbing H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hypovolemia differ from Hypernatremia in terms of their impact on blood volume?

    <p>Hypovolemia leads to abnormally low blood volume while Hypernatremia results in high blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (IFCOP) in the body?

    <p>Moving fluid from interstitial fluid into capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acid-base balance, what is the primary cause of Metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Increase in bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hyperkalemia differ from Hypovolemia in terms of their impact on blood?

    <p>Shifts from ICF to ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the phosphate buffer system in maintaining pH balance?

    <p>Regulating phosphate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Respiratory compensation respond to increased blood pH?

    <p>Hypoventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Acidosis in terms of pH level?

    <p>$pH &lt; 7.35$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does water intoxication refer to in the context of fluid balance?

    <p>Steady water intake without adequate output resulting in electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ECF vs. ICF comparison, which statement is correct regarding intracellular fluid?

    <p>It has a higher concentration of potassium and phosphate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Promotes the reabsorption of sodium and water back into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the thirst centers responsible for regulating water intake mainly located?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys, leading to increased sodium excretion in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between plasma and Interstitial Fluid (IF)?

    <p>Plasma carries more proteins and sodium but fewer chloride ions compared to IF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of aldosterone in maintaining fluid balance?

    <p>Promotes water retention by enhancing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are osmoreceptors primarily located to regulate water balance?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) on sodium levels during fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Enhances sodium excretion in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of water gain that contributes to fluid balance?

    <p>ATP from tissue catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the ECF vs. ICF comparison, which cation is prominently found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water intoxication impact fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Disrupts the equal gain and loss of fluid principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acid-base balance, what characterizes Metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Decrease in bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Renal compensation system respond to an increase in blood pH?

    <p>Secretes more H+ and absorbs more bicarbonate ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Hypovolemia?

    <p>Decrease in aldosterone and vigorous diuretic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

    <p>Synthesize and reabsorb bicarbonate ion by kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Hypernatremia on sodium levels?

    <p>Increase in dietary intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of Aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Increases blood volume through water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the regulation of water balance?

    <p>Increases the reabsorption of sodium and water from the urine back into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid (IF)?

    <p>Plasma carries more proteins than IF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the osmoreceptors primarily located for regulating water balance?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of aldosterone in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Increases sodium and water reabsorption from urine into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does water intoxication impact fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Causes decreased urine output by increasing water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of water loss that contributes to fluid balance?

    <p><em>Sweating</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of Metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Decrease in bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Respiratory acidosis differ from Metabolic acidosis in terms of pH balance?

    <p>Both result in decreased pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) in fluid balance regulation?

    <p>Inhibit aldosterone secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Hypovolemia differ from Edema?

    <p>Hypovolemia is low blood volume, while Edema is an abnormal increase in intercellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer system in the body?

    <p>Maintaining blood pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acid-base balance, what characterizes Alkalosis?

    <p>pH greater than 7.35</p> Signup and view all the answers

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