Psychology Chapter 5: Psychological Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What defines a psychological disorder according to the 3 D's?

Dysfunctional, deviant, distressing (correct)

Disturbing, delayed, diagnosed

Dangerous, deviant, dysfunctional

Deviant, diagnosed, dangerous

What does comorbidity refer to in psychological disorders?

The classification of a single specific phobia

A disorder that solely causes distress

The presence of anxiety in children

The presence of more than one psychological disorder (correct)

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the DSM-V?

To provide treatment plans for mental illness

To define new psychological disorders that weren't previously recognized

To describe and estimate the prevalence of mental illness (correct)

To eliminate stigma associated with mental disorders

How does societal stigma typically affect individuals diagnosed with psychological disorders?

It can lead to feelings of being tainted or weak Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism related to diagnosing psychological disorders?

Labels can lead to perceptions of individuals being weak or dangerous Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of 'distressing' in the context of psychological disorders?

An individual feels excessive worry about everyday matters Signup and view all the answers

Why is the DSM continuously updated through editions?

To align clinical practice with the latest research and findings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of health psychology?

Exploring the relationship between behavior and physical health Signup and view all the answers

Which area does psychoneuroimmunology investigate?

The interaction between psychological factors and the immune system Signup and view all the answers

How do coping mechanisms relate to stress and behavior?

They play a significant role in how individuals manage stress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the effects of stress on behavior?

Stress can lead to changes in mood and behavior patterns Signup and view all the answers

What does positive psychology emphasize in relation to mental processes?

The importance of subjective well-being and positive experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of mood disturbances?

Bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

In the context of psychological disorders, what is a key feature of interaction models?

They highlight the interplay between various psychological factors Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes group therapy from individual therapy?

Group therapy includes shared experiences among members Signup and view all the answers

What does the adaptation-level phenomenon suggest about our perception of happiness over time?

It is influenced by past experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is Relative Deprivation primarily concerned with?

Perceiving oneself as worse off compared to peers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of positive psychology?

Studying and promoting human strengths and virtues. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about subjective well-being?

It is an individual's perception of happiness and life satisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon describes the tendency of good moods to enhance perceptions?

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon. Signup and view all the answers

Why do significant good events, like sudden wealth, often fail to increase happiness long-term?

Their effects on happiness are usually fleeting. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of happy people according to positive psychology?

They tend to be healthy and satisfied with life. Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of happiness relate to personal experiences and comparisons with others?

Happiness is relative to personal experiences and others’ success. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental & Physical Health

This is an AP Psychology unit.
The unit covers topics related to how health psychology addresses issues of physical health and wellness, as they apply to behavior and mental processes.
It also discusses stress and how it applies to behavior and mental processes.
The use of positive psychology approaches to the study of behavior and mental processes, and positive subjective experiences is covered.
There is a focus on defining and explaining how different psychological perspectives define psychological disorders.
Symptoms and possible causes of different disorders are described, including neurodevelopmental, schizophrenic spectrum, depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and related, dissociative, trauma and stressor-related, feeding and eating disorders, and personality disorders.
The treatment of psychological disorders is examined. This also includes comparing/contrasting individual vs group therapy, and techniques like hypnosis.
Biological approaches to treatment are reviewed.
The impact of stress on the body is examined, including how stress diverts energy from the immune system, and affects different cells involved.
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) and its three phases (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion) are explained in relation to stress.
Different types of stress and conflict are discussed; including catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles.
The process of appraisal and response to threatening events is considered.
The concept of conflict, or incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, and how different types of conflict (approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance) impact health, is discussed.
The impact of stress on the human body, including potential effects on telomeres, chronic stress, and differences in responses between genders, are also examined.
Health psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine, and psychoneuroimmunology, is explored
Factors or considerations related to the prevalence of diseases like coronary heart disease are examined. This also includes potential impacts of stress responses and emotions.
Principles of adaptation-level phenomenon and relative deprivation are discussed in reference to happiness.
Positive psychology, including the study of human flourishing and promoting strengths/virtues for individuals and communities, is explored
The effects of happiness, its relationship with overall health, and the short-term nature of happiness related to external events are examined.
The impact of outlook & support on health is assessed, and how these factors can influence physical and mental well-being and resilience in response to trauma.
Techniques for increasing happiness are included, like taking control of time, practicing gratitude, engaging in activities that use skills, and maintaining close relationships.
Factors found to relate to happiness as studied by researchers are outlined
The link between aerobic exercise and meditation with positive mental/physical health outcomes is covered.
Defining different psychological disorders, along with explanations and causes, is detailed with an overview of the characteristics of disorders,
The DSM-5, its role in diagnosing and classifying illnesses, and its relationship to stigma is explored
The medical model, defining psychological disorders as conditions of the mind, is contrasted with a biopsychosocial approach that considers psychological disorders as a combination of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors.
Different approaches to defining and categorizing psychological disorders, such as types of learning disorders, motor disorders, and autism spectrum disorder are categorized (see separate headers for each).
An examination of the history of how mental health was viewed, and treating mental illness, is covered.
Suicide and potential contributing factors, including statistics, are explored.
A series of different types of therapies (specific phobias, anxiety disorders, mood disorders including depressive and bipolar disorders, schizophrenia), and treatment approaches (like behavior therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapies, group, family therapy, and biomedical therapies are described and contrasted) are covered.
Various therapies, including classical conditioning techniques in exposure therapy and desensitization, are included.
An analysis of the different perspectives from which to understand and categorize anxiety disorders is presented

Specific Learning Disorders

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD) is included.
Dyslexia is also included.
Dysgraphia is also included.

Motor Disorders

Developmental coordination disorder is included.
Stereotypic movement disorder is included.
Tourette's disorder is included.

Autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder is included.
Asperger Syndrome (a type of ASD) is also included.

Suicide

Overview of statistics are provided
Risk factors and differences are mentioned
Information is given concerning how to help someone struggling with suicide

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on psychological disorders by exploring key concepts such as the 3 D's, comorbidity, and the purpose of the DSM-V. This quiz will also address the impact of societal stigma and criticisms surrounding diagnoses. Challenge yourself with scenarios that exemplify these important psychological principles.