DSM-5-TR: OCD and Related Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Parent Management Training (PMT)?

To diagnose intellectual disabilities in adolescents

To empower parents with behavioral techniques (correct)

To analyze psychological disorders in children

To promote medication use among parents

What is the first step in treating sudden-onset kleptomania-like symptoms?

Implementing behavioral management strategies

Conducting a thorough assessment (correct)

Educating the parents about kleptomania

Starting pharmacological treatment immediately

Which two criteria are essential for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Impulsivity and repetitive behaviors

Intellectual disability and fidgeting

Difficulty in social situations and hyperactivity

Social communication deficits and restricted patterns of behavior (correct)

What symptoms are considered inattentive symptoms of ADHD?

Difficulty sustaining attention and forgetfulness Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a diagnosis of Tourette's disorder?

The presence of both motor and vocal tics Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of hallucination?

Auditory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common compulsion associated with OCD?

Hoarding items Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between obsessions and compulsions in OCD?

Obsessions and compulsions can exist independently. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Obsessive thoughts about perceived physical flaws Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion must be met for a diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder?

Emotional attachment to items and fear of future needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy?

To expose individuals to anxiety triggers and prevent compulsive responses. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the criteria for the symptoms of PTSD?

Includes negative alterations in cognition and mood. Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals with Hoarding Disorder often not seek help voluntarily?

They do not find their behaviors distressing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

To reduce feelings of anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main symptom category of PTSD?

Grandiosity Signup and view all the answers

How long must PTSD symptoms persist to qualify for a diagnosis?

More than one month Signup and view all the answers

What does Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy primarily aim to do?

Expose individuals to anxiety triggers while limiting compulsive reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion involves the belief of having special abilities?

Grandiose delusion Signup and view all the answers

What factor can enhance motivation for individuals with hoarding disorder during therapy?

Setting personal goals and recognizing decluttering benefits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a significant difference between PTSD and acute stress disorder?

PTSD symptoms involve longer durations than acute stress disorder symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a common compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Excessive washing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder regarding symptom duration?

Acute Stress Disorder symptoms occur within three days to one month. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion is the most common among individuals with psychotic disorders?

Persecutory delusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of bizarre delusions compared to non-bizarre delusions?

Bizarre delusions are implausible and not grounded in reality. Signup and view all the answers

In PTSD treatment, when is the ideal timing for beginning exposure therapy?

Immediately after the trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is categorized as a positive symptom in psychotic disorders?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform does not require a decline in functioning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a negative symptom of psychotic disorders?

Affective flattening Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of delusions required to diagnose a Delusional Disorder?

One month Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of schizoaffective disorder?

Uninterrupted major mood episode alongside schizophrenia symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a positive prognosis in the treatment of schizophrenia?

Early treatment intervention. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is noted to contribute to psychotic-like symptoms?

Cannabis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when working with clients suffering from delusions?

Validate feelings without reinforcing delusions. Signup and view all the answers

During which age range do symptoms of schizophrenia typically emerge in women?

Late 20s to early 30s. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of family education and counseling in treating schizophrenia?

To help families understand the condition and support treatment adherence. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a misperception about the duration of continuous signs in schizophrenia?

Signs must persist for at least three months. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most studied treatment for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)?

Parent Management Training (PMT). Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obsessions are persistent thoughts, urges, or images causing distress.
Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts to reduce anxiety.
Common obsessions include contamination and harm fears.
Common compulsions include excessive washing and checking.
An OCD diagnosis does not require both obsessions and compulsions.
Maladaptive characteristics cause significant distress and consume more than an hour per day.

Treatment for OCD

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the recommended treatment.
ERP involves exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli while refraining from compulsive behaviors.
ERP aims to reduce anxiety over time.

Hoarding Disorder

Individuals with hoarding disorder often do not seek treatment voluntarily.
A therapist can enhance motivation by helping clients identify personal goals and the benefits of decluttering.
A reason for acquisition is an emotional attachment to items and a fear of needing them in the future.
Hoarding due to a medical condition does not apply for a DSM diagnosis.

PTSD symptoms must persist for more than a month.
Acute stress disorder symptoms are within three days to a month following trauma.
Trauma involves exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or violence.
The four main categories for PTSD are intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity.

Timing and PTSD Therapy

Ideally, PTSD treatment should begin shortly after the trauma.
Prolonged exposure therapy involves exposing individuals to trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear.
Cognitive Processing Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are effective interventions.

DSM-5-TR: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Delusions are fixed false beliefs.
Types of delusions include persecutory, grandiose, and jealous delusions.
Persecutory delusions are the most common type.
Bizarre delusions are implausible; nonbizarre delusions are possible but false.
Hallucinations are perceptions without external stimuli.
The most common type of hallucination is auditory.
Other types of hallucinations include visual, olfactory, and tactile.
Possible symptoms include disorganized thinking, negative effect, and hallucinations.
Delusional disorder is characterized by a one-month duration of delusions.
Brief psychotic disorder involves one or more psychotic symptoms lasting more than a day but less than a month.
Schizophreniform disorder involves two or more symptoms of schizophrenia lasting at least one month but less than six months.
Schizophrenia involves symptoms lasting at least six months.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizoaffective disorder involves a major mood episode that co-occurs with schizophrenia symptoms for two weeks or more.
Mood symptoms are distinct from schizophrenia symptoms.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Intellectual disability requires deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.
Severity is determined based on the level of support required.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

ASD is diagnosed based on difficulties in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
Severity is based on the level of support needed.

ADHD

Inattentive symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted.
Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for turns.

Tourette's Disorder

Tourette's disorder is characterized by both motor and vocal tics.
A diagnosis only applies if both types of tics are present.

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Description

Explore the key concepts surrounding Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders according to the DSM-5-TR. This quiz will cover definitions, symptoms, and treatments for conditions like OCD and Hoarding Disorder, highlighting the importance of effective therapies like ERP.