DSM-5-TR: OCD and Related Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Parent Management Training (PMT)?

  • To diagnose intellectual disabilities in adolescents
  • To empower parents with behavioral techniques (correct)
  • To analyze psychological disorders in children
  • To promote medication use among parents

What is the first step in treating sudden-onset kleptomania-like symptoms?

  • Implementing behavioral management strategies
  • Conducting a thorough assessment (correct)
  • Educating the parents about kleptomania
  • Starting pharmacological treatment immediately

Which two criteria are essential for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

  • Impulsivity and repetitive behaviors
  • Intellectual disability and fidgeting
  • Difficulty in social situations and hyperactivity
  • Social communication deficits and restricted patterns of behavior (correct)

What symptoms are considered inattentive symptoms of ADHD?

<p>Difficulty sustaining attention and forgetfulness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a diagnosis of Tourette's disorder?

<p>The presence of both motor and vocal tics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of hallucination?

<p>Auditory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common compulsion associated with OCD?

<p>Hoarding items (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between obsessions and compulsions in OCD?

<p>Obsessions and compulsions can exist independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern of Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

<p>Obsessive thoughts about perceived physical flaws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion must be met for a diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder?

<p>Emotional attachment to items and fear of future needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy?

<p>To expose individuals to anxiety triggers and prevent compulsive responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the criteria for the symptoms of PTSD?

<p>Includes negative alterations in cognition and mood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals with Hoarding Disorder often not seek help voluntarily?

<p>They do not find their behaviors distressing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

<p>To reduce feelings of anxiety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main symptom category of PTSD?

<p>Grandiosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long must PTSD symptoms persist to qualify for a diagnosis?

<p>More than one month (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy primarily aim to do?

<p>Expose individuals to anxiety triggers while limiting compulsive reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion involves the belief of having special abilities?

<p>Grandiose delusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can enhance motivation for individuals with hoarding disorder during therapy?

<p>Setting personal goals and recognizing decluttering benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a significant difference between PTSD and acute stress disorder?

<p>PTSD symptoms involve longer durations than acute stress disorder symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a common compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

<p>Excessive washing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder regarding symptom duration?

<p>Acute Stress Disorder symptoms occur within three days to one month. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion is the most common among individuals with psychotic disorders?

<p>Persecutory delusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of bizarre delusions compared to non-bizarre delusions?

<p>Bizarre delusions are implausible and not grounded in reality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In PTSD treatment, when is the ideal timing for beginning exposure therapy?

<p>Immediately after the trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is categorized as a positive symptom in psychotic disorders?

<p>Hallucinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizophrenia?

<p>Schizophreniform does not require a decline in functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a negative symptom of psychotic disorders?

<p>Affective flattening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of delusions required to diagnose a Delusional Disorder?

<p>One month (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of schizoaffective disorder?

<p>Uninterrupted major mood episode alongside schizophrenia symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a positive prognosis in the treatment of schizophrenia?

<p>Early treatment intervention. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is noted to contribute to psychotic-like symptoms?

<p>Cannabis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when working with clients suffering from delusions?

<p>Validate feelings without reinforcing delusions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which age range do symptoms of schizophrenia typically emerge in women?

<p>Late 20s to early 30s. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of family education and counseling in treating schizophrenia?

<p>To help families understand the condition and support treatment adherence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a misperception about the duration of continuous signs in schizophrenia?

<p>Signs must persist for at least three months. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most studied treatment for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)?

<p>Parent Management Training (PMT). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are nonbizarre delusions?

Nonbizarre delusions are false beliefs that could potentially be true but are not actually true. They are considered plausible in the sense that they could occur in reality.

What are the most common types of hallucination?

Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices or sounds that are not actually there) are the most common type of hallucination.

What are obsessions?

Obsessions are persistent and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress.

What are compulsions?

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety or distress caused by obsessions.

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What is the purpose of compulsions in OCD?

Compulsions temporarily relieve the anxiety caused by obsessions. They are not a long-term solution to the problem.

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What is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) therapy?

ERP therapy involves exposing the person to anxiety triggers while preventing them from engaging in their usual compulsive behaviors.

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What is the primary concern in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

People with BDD have an obsessive focus on perceived flaws in their physical appearance.

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What is a key characteristic of hoarding disorder?

People with hoarding disorder have an emotional attachment to items and a fear of needing them in the future.

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What are obsessions in OCD?

Obsessions are persistent thoughts, urges, or images that cause distress. They are intrusive and unwanted, often leading to anxiety and fear.

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What are compulsions in OCD?

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety. They are often done in response to obsessions, but can also be ritualistic.

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What is Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)?

ERP is a therapy used to treat OCD. It involves exposing the individual to anxiety-provoking stimuli (triggers) while preventing them from performing their usual compulsive behaviors.

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What are the 4 main symptom categories of PTSD?

The four main categories are: Intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity.

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What's the key difference between PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder?

Both involve exposure to trauma, but PTSD symptoms last for over a month, while acute stress disorder symptoms are within 3 days to 1 month.

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What is Prolonged Exposure Therapy?

Prolonged exposure therapy is a treatment for PTSD that involves exposing individuals to their trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear.

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What are delusions?

Delusions are fixed false beliefs that are not based on reality. They are often resistant to logic or evidence.

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What are some types of delusions?

Types of delusions include persecutory (being targeted), grandiose (having special abilities), and jealous delusions.

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PMT's Focus

PMT (Parent Management Training) aims to provide parents with behavioral techniques to manage challenging child behaviors and improve the parent-child relationship, leading to better outcomes.

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Kleptomania-like Symptoms: First Step

When someone suddenly starts experiencing kleptomania-like behavior, the first step is a comprehensive assessment to exclude other underlying psychological issues. This is crucial to create an effective treatment plan.

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Intellectual Disability (ID) Diagnosis

Intellectual Disability (ID) is diagnosed when there are limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. The severity is based on the level of support required.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Criteria

To diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), two sets of criteria are necessary: social communication and interaction deficits, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. The severity level is determined by the level of support needed.

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ADHD Symptoms

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) involves inattentive symptoms (e.g., difficulty focusing, forgetfulness) and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (e.g., fidgeting, interrupting). These symptoms must be present in at least two different settings.

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PTSD vs. Acute Stress Disorder

Both involve trauma exposure but differ in symptom duration. PTSD symptoms last over a month, while Acute Stress Disorder symptoms occur within 3 days to a month.

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Ideal Timing for PTSD Treatment

Start therapy soon after the traumatic event.

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Exposure Therapy for PTSD

Involves confronting trauma memories and external cues that trigger distress.

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Delusions

Fixed false beliefs that are not based in reality.

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Types of Delusions

Common types include persecutory (being persecuted), grandiose (being superior), and jealousy.

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Hallucinations

Perceptions without corresponding external stimuli.

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Schizophrenia Criteria

Two or more symptoms from Criterion A for at least one month, including at least one of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.

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Schizophreniform Disorder vs. Schizophrenia

Similar symptoms, but Schizophreniform lasts shorter (1-6 months) and doesn't require the functional decline of Schizophrenia.

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Duration of Continuous Signs in Schizophrenia

Symptoms must be present for at least six months to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.

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Phases of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia can progress through three phases: active, prodromal, and residual.

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Schizoaffective Disorder

A disorder characterized by a major mood episode (depression or mania) occurring alongside schizophrenia symptoms.

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Working with Clients with Delusions

Validate their feelings without reinforcing their delusions and gently challenge distortions.

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Symptoms Emergence in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia usually emerges in men between late teens and early 20s, and in women between late 20s and early 30s.

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Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

Prenatal exposure to infections and early life stressors can increase the risk of schizophrenia.

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Evidence-Based Interventions for Schizophrenia

Commonly used interventions include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp), Family Psychoeducation, Supported Employment, and Social Skills Training.

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Importance of Family Education and Counseling in Schizophrenia

Family education helps families understand the illness, improve treatment adherence, and reduce relapse rates.

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Study Notes

  • Obsessions are persistent thoughts, urges, or images causing distress.
  • Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts to reduce anxiety.
  • Common obsessions include contamination and harm fears.
  • Common compulsions include excessive washing and checking.
  • An OCD diagnosis does not require both obsessions and compulsions.
  • Maladaptive characteristics cause significant distress and consume more than an hour per day.

Treatment for OCD

  • Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is the recommended treatment.
  • ERP involves exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli while refraining from compulsive behaviors.
  • ERP aims to reduce anxiety over time.

Hoarding Disorder

  • Individuals with hoarding disorder often do not seek treatment voluntarily.
  • A therapist can enhance motivation by helping clients identify personal goals and the benefits of decluttering.
  • A reason for acquisition is an emotional attachment to items and a fear of needing them in the future.
  • Hoarding due to a medical condition does not apply for a DSM diagnosis.

DSM-5-TR: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

  • PTSD symptoms must persist for more than a month.
  • Acute stress disorder symptoms are within three days to a month following trauma.
  • Trauma involves exposure to actual or threatened death, injury, or violence.
  • The four main categories for PTSD are intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity.

Timing and PTSD Therapy

  • Ideally, PTSD treatment should begin shortly after the trauma.
  • Prolonged exposure therapy involves exposing individuals to trauma memories and reminders to reduce fear.
  • Cognitive Processing Therapy and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) are effective interventions.

DSM-5-TR: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

  • Delusions are fixed false beliefs.
  • Types of delusions include persecutory, grandiose, and jealous delusions.
  • Persecutory delusions are the most common type.
  • Bizarre delusions are implausible; nonbizarre delusions are possible but false.
  • Hallucinations are perceptions without external stimuli.
  • The most common type of hallucination is auditory.
  • Other types of hallucinations include visual, olfactory, and tactile.
  • Possible symptoms include disorganized thinking, negative effect, and hallucinations.
  • Delusional disorder is characterized by a one-month duration of delusions.
  • Brief psychotic disorder involves one or more psychotic symptoms lasting more than a day but less than a month.
  • Schizophreniform disorder involves two or more symptoms of schizophrenia lasting at least one month but less than six months.
  • Schizophrenia involves symptoms lasting at least six months.

Schizoaffective Disorder

  • Schizoaffective disorder involves a major mood episode that co-occurs with schizophrenia symptoms for two weeks or more.
  • Mood symptoms are distinct from schizophrenia symptoms.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

  • Intellectual disability requires deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.
  • Severity is determined based on the level of support required.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

  • ASD is diagnosed based on difficulties in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
  • Severity is based on the level of support needed.

ADHD

  • Inattentive symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, and being easily distracted.
  • Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms include fidgeting, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for turns.

Tourette's Disorder

  • Tourette's disorder is characterized by both motor and vocal tics.
  • A diagnosis only applies if both types of tics are present.

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Description

Explore the key concepts surrounding Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders according to the DSM-5-TR. This quiz will cover definitions, symptoms, and treatments for conditions like OCD and Hoarding Disorder, highlighting the importance of effective therapies like ERP.

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