Psychological Disorders and DSM Overview

Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

A study where healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals, faking a symptom of hearing voices. Despite behaving normally once inside, they were diagnosed with schizophrenia. This study highlights the influence of labeling on how doctors perceive and interpret behavior.

<p>Brain structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of people developing psychological disorders increased due to the pandemic's impact on biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with unstable finances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stigma refers to the judgment or shame directed towards a person due to a particular characteristic, often impacting people with mental illness by making them feel devalued and isolated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Makes them feel inferior to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guide for mental health professionals to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. It is utilized by all major mental health professionals and other professionals involved in mental health care in the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimensional model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety disorders are a group of conditions characterized by persistent worry or fear, significantly impacting daily functioning. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety about a wide range of activities and situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a particular object or situation. This fear leads to avoidance behaviors and significant distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intense fear of being judged</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panic disorder is characterized by sudden and intense episodes of anxiety that are often accompanied by physical symptoms like a racing heart, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agoraphobia is an intense fear of being in open places or situations where escape may be difficult. This fear often leads to avoidance behaviors and can significantly limit daily life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OCD involves intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that cause distress and are often accompanied by repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to relieve anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The triple vulnerability theory suggests that a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These are a class of disorders characterized by extreme shifts in mood and emotional states that significantly disrupt daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent depressive disorder is a milder form of depression, characterized by chronic low-grade mood symptoms that persist for at least two years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bipolar disorder involves alternating between periods of extreme high moods (mania) and periods of low moods (depression).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A manic episode is a period of abnormally elevated mood, energy levels, and activity. Often characterized by feelings of euphoria, inflated self-esteem, and impulsive behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior, leading to distortions of reality and a breakdown of social functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive symptoms are additions to normal behavior like hallucinations or delusions. Negative symptoms involve the absence of expected behaviors such as apathy or lack of motivation. Cognitive symptoms involve a disruption in thinking, perception, and attention, affecting self-awareness and interactions with the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychotherapy involves using psychological techniques to address mental health issues. Biomedical therapy focuses on using medications or medical procedures to treat mental health conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychodynamic therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts and impulses into conscious awareness so that they can be addressed and resolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Person-centered therapy emphasizes creating a supportive and non-judgmental therapeutic environment where the client can explore their feelings, thoughts, and experiences without feeling pressured to conform to the therapist's expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nondirective therapy means that the therapist avoids imposing their own views, interpretations, or solutions on the client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflection involves the therapist attentively listening to the client and then echoing back their feelings, thoughts, and experiences in a way that shows empathy and understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior therapy applies principles of learning (classical and operant conditioning) to address maladaptive behaviors. The goal is to modify problematic behaviors through techniques like exposure therapy or reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce anxiety associated with feared stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systematic desensitization involves creating a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations and gradually exposing the client to those situations while teaching them relaxation techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aversive conditioning aims to reduce unwanted behaviors by pairing those behaviors with unpleasant stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participant modeling involves showing the client how to cope with a feared situation using a model, and then encouraging the client to gradually participate in the behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counterconditioning involves replacing an unwanted response to a particular stimulus with a more desirable alternative response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and modifying negative or distorted thoughts that contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ABCDE model stands for Activating event, Beliefs, Consequences, Dispute, and Effective new philosophy. It helps individuals to identify their irrational beliefs and challenge them, leading to more adaptive thoughts and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beck's cognitive model suggests that people often develop negative thoughts (cognitive distortions) that influence their emotions and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eclectic therapy involves combining different treatment methods from various schools of thought. Integrative therapy integrates elements from different approaches into a more comprehensive treatment plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common factors include a strong therapeutic alliance, positive expectations, focused attention on the problem, and the development of new coping skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural competence refers to the therapist's ability to work effectively with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Cultural self-awareness involves the therapist's recognition that their own cultural beliefs and experiences may influence their interactions with clients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychopharmacology is the study of the use of medications to treat psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antivirals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benefits include symptom relief and improved functioning. Drawbacks include side effects, potential for dependence, and interactions with other medications or substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TMS involves delivering magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain. It is a noninvasive technique that can be used to treat conditions like depression and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attributions are the explanations we make for our own behaviors and the behaviors of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize personal factors and underestimate situational factors when explaining someone else's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social influence refers to the ways in which our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by the presence of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conformity is the tendency to adjust our behavior or beliefs to match those of a group or social norm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asch's Line Experiment demonstrated that individuals were willing to conform to a clear majority opinion, even when the majority's answer was obviously wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normative conformity stems from a desire to fit in and avoid social disapproval, whereas informational conformity occurs when we believe that others have more accurate information than we do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milgram's study demonstrated that participants were surprisingly willing to obey an authority figure, even when instructed to deliver what appeared to be painful electric shocks to another person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prejudice is a preconceived negative attitude or judgment about a person or group based solely on their membership in a particular group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotypes are overgeneralized beliefs or assumptions about a group of people that are often inaccurate or based on limited information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discrimination is the unfair or biased treatment of an individual or group based on their membership in a particular group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The just-world hypothesis suggests that people believe that the world is a fair place where people get what they deserve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scapegoat hypothesis proposes that people often vent their frustration and anger at a group or individual who is seen as an easy target.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks or tasks they are already good at when they are in the presence of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when they are working in a group compared to when they are working alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deindividuation is a state of reduced self-awareness and diminished feelings of personal responsibility that can occur when individuals are in a large group or when they are anonymous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altruism is the act of helping others with no expectation of personal gain or reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosocial behavior is any action that is intended to help or benefit others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpret the event as an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers