Psychology Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is Psychopathology?

  • Scientific study of psychological disorders (correct)
  • Study of personality types
  • Study of physical health
  • Study of social behaviors

    • What defines a psychological disorder?

    A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms causing distress or impairing function.

    What is the DSM-IV-TR?

  • A model for therapy
  • A treatment guideline
  • A research paper
  • A diagnostic manual for mental disorders (correct)

    • What characterizes anxiety?

    <p>An unpleasant emotional state with physical arousal and feelings of tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Anxiety Disorders?

    <p>Disorders characterized by extreme anxiety that disrupts functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

    <p>Characterized by excessive, persistent anxiety symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Panic Attack?

    <p>A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that escalates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Panic Disorder?

    <p>Experiencing frequent and unexpected panic attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Phobia.

    <p>A strong, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Specific Phobia?

    <p>An irrational fear that interferes with daily functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain Agoraphobia.

    <p>An extreme fear of experiencing panic in public and being unable to escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Social Phobia?

    <p>An extreme fear of being judged in social situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) involve?

    <p>Chronic anxiety symptoms following trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

    <p>Anxiety triggered by intrusive thoughts and repetitive actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Obsessions in OCD?

    <p>Recurrent and intrusive thoughts causing severe anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Compulsions in OCD?

    <p>Repetitive acts performed to reduce anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a Mood Disorder?

    <p>Persistent disruptions in mood causing functional impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Major Depression?

    <p>Extreme, persistent feelings of despondency and worthlessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dysthymic Disorder?

    <p>Chronic, low-grade depression without severe impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

    <p>Depression episodes tied to seasonal changes, often in winter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bipolar Disorder?

    <p>Mood disorder with alternating periods of depression and euphoria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a Manic Episode.

    <p>Sudden state of extreme euphoria and rapid thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Cyclothymic Disorder?

    <p>Moderate but frequent mood swings that aren't severe as bipolar disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Anorexia Nervosa.

    <p>An eating disorder with excessive weight loss and fear of gaining weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bulimia Nervosa?

    <p>Binge eating followed by purging to avoid weight gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Personality Disorders?

    <p>Inflexible patterns of behavior and emotions deviating from cultural norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Paranoid Personality Disorder.

    <p>Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others' motives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Pattern of disregarding and violating others' rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Dissociative Experience.

    <p>A disruption in consciousness, memory, or identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Dissociative Disorders?

    <p>Frequent disruptions in awareness and memory affecting functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain Dissociative Amnesia.

    <p>Inability to recall important personal information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Dissociative Fugue?

    <p>Sudden travel away from home with identity confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).

    <p>Involves extensive memory disruptions and multiple identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Schizophrenia?

    <p>Impairment caused by distinct beliefs and thought processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia.

    <p>Excesses or distortions of normal functioning including delusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia?

    <p>Deficits in normal functioning such as flat affect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Delusion?

    <p>A false belief that persists despite contradictory evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Hallucinations?

    <p>False perceptions that seem real to the individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Dopamine Hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Schizophrenia may relate to excessive dopamine activity in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychopathology and Disorders

    • Psychopathology is the scientific study of psychological disorders, encompassing their origins, symptoms, and development.
    • A psychological disorder or mental disorder involves patterns of symptoms that cause personal distress or impair daily functioning.

    Diagnostic Tools

    • The DSM-IV-TR provides detailed symptoms and diagnostic criteria for various psychological disorders.

    Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state marked by physical arousal, tension, apprehension, and worry.
    • Anxiety disorders are characterized by extreme anxiety leading to disturbances in cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning.

    Types of Anxiety Disorders

    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Persistent and excessive anxiety symptoms.
    • Panic Attacks: Sudden episodes of intense anxiety that escalate rapidly.
    • Panic Disorder: Frequent, unexpected panic attacks.
    • Phobia: An irrational fear that may not disrupt daily functioning.
    • Specific Phobia: An extreme fear that interferes with daily activities.
    • Agoraphobia: Fear of panic attacks in public, leading to avoidance of situations.
    • Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder): Intense fear of embarrassment in social scenarios.
    • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Chronic anxiety symptoms following an extreme trauma.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) provoke anxiety, leading to repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that aim to reduce it.

    Mood Disorders

    • Mood disorders involve significant disruptions in emotional states affecting functioning.
    • Major Depression is marked by persistent feelings of despair and worthlessness.
    • Dysthymic Disorder: Chronic low-grade depression that doesn’t severely impair functioning.
    • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression episodes associated with seasonal changes, often less sunlight exposure.
    • Bipolar Disorder features alternating cycles of debilitating depression and extreme euphoria (mania).
    • Manic Episode: Characterized by intense euphoria and increased energy.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa: Extreme weight loss spurred by an irrational fear of gaining weight and distorted self-perception.
    • Bulimia Nervosa: Involves binge eating followed by purging behaviors to prevent weight gain.

    Personality Disorders

    • Personality disorders entail inflexible behavioral patterns that deviate from cultural norms and impact interpersonal functioning.
    • Examples include:
      • Paranoid Personality Disorder: Persistent distrust and suspicion of others.
      • Antisocial Personality Disorder: A pattern of violating others’ rights, often associated with psychopathy.
      • Borderline Personality Disorder: Characterized by instability in emotions and relationships.

    Dissociative Disorders

    • Dissociative Experiences involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, and identity.
    • Dissociative Amnesia: Inability to recall personal information.
    • Dissociative Fugue: Sudden travel away from home accompanied by amnesia and identity confusion.
    • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Presence of two or more distinct identities and extensive memory disruptions.

    Schizophrenia

    • Schizophrenia impairs functioning through distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes.
    • Positive Symptoms: Include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.
    • Negative Symptoms: Reflect deficits in normal functioning, such as flat affect and apathy.
    • Delusions: False beliefs that persist despite contradictory evidence.
    • Hallucinations: Vividly realistic false perceptions.
    • Dopamine Hypothesis: Posits a link between schizophrenia and excessive dopamine activity in the brain.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on Chapter 14, which covers key concepts and terms related to psychological disorders. It includes definitions and essential terminology from psychopathology and the DSM-IV-TR. Test your understanding of these fundamental ideas in psychological science.

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