Physiology Lecture 6: Acid-Base Balance Regulations
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

  • Regulating PCO2 levels
  • Producing CO2
  • Controlling respiratory rate
  • Regulating HCO3- levels (correct)

    • What is the term for the primary decrease in HCO3- levels?

  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Respiratory acidosis
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Metabolic acidosis (correct)

    • What is the pK value of the bicarbonate buffer system?

  • 8.2
  • 6.1 (correct)
  • 7.4
  • 5.5

    • What happens to the pH of the extracellular fluid when base is added to the bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lungs in acid-base balance?

    <p>Regulating PCO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the primary increase in PCO2 levels?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ratio of HCO3- to CO2 when acid is added to the bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bicarbonate buffer system responsible for?

    <p>Maintaining acid-base balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for reabsorption of HCO3-?

    <p>HCO3- reacts with a secreted H+ to form H2CO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total amount of H+ secreted into the tubular fluid daily?

    <p>4420 mEq</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to HCO3- reabsorption in alkalosis?

    <p>HCO3- reabsorption is decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption?

    <p>To reabsorb all or almost all the filtered HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which parts of the tubules does HCO3- reabsorption NOT occur?

    <p>Descending and Ascending thin limbs of the loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of HCO3- reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the kidney in regulating extracellular fluid H+ concentration?

    <p>To regulate extracellular fluid H+ concentration through three fundamental mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of secreting an additional 80 mEq of H+?

    <p>To expel non-volatile acids produced daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the renal system in acid-base balance?

    <p>To regulate acid excretion through tubular secretion and reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of acid produced by the body's metabolic processes?

    <p>Net Endogenous Acid Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Type B intercalated cells?

    <p>Secretion of bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ammonia buffer system in the kidney?

    <p>To buffer excess H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the respiratory system regulates acid-base balance?

    <p>Through the regulation of CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of V-ATPase in Type B intercalated cells?

    <p>Renal interstitial fluid side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of phosphate available for buffering excess H+ ions?

    <p>30 to 40 mEq/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bicarbonate secretion in Type B intercalated cells?

    <p>Alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition in which the body has too much acid?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state is Type B intercalated cell activated?

    <p>When bicarbonate is needed to be secreted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of buffer systems in the body?

    <p>To buffer acids and maintain pH homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of glutamine in the proximal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Metabolism of amino acids in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary active transport system in Type A intercalated cells?

    <p>Hydrogen-transporting ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of excess H+ ions in the tubular fluid?

    <p>They are eliminated and combined with hydrogen phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of H+ ions out of the body through the kidneys?

    <p>Renal secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of late tubular segments in acid-base balance?

    <p>Formation of maximally acidic urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of acid excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Net Acid Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrogen phosphate buffer system?

    <p>To buffer excess H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the renal system regulates acid-base balance?

    <p>Through the regulation of H+ secretion and reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of H+ ions excreted via the ammonia buffer system?

    <p>40 to 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidney?

    <p>Secondary active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of the ammonia buffer system on the body's acid-base balance?

    <p>It decreases the body's acid load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is HCO3 reabsorption alone not sufficient for maintaining acid-base balance?

    <p>It does not produce new bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is glutamine primarily metabolized to form bicarbonate and ammonium ion?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the majority of HCO3 formed in the kidney?

    <p>It is reabsorbed and enters the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ammonium ion in the ammonia buffer system?

    <p>It is considered acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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