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Acid-Base Balance and Kidney Physiology Quiz

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Acid-Base Balance and Kidney Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two sources of H+ in the body?

Anaerobic metabolism and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Carbohydrate metabolism and renal tubules

Lipid metabolism and respiratory system

Protein diet and intermediary metabolism (correct)

Which mechanism is responsible for the rapid buffering of changes in H+ concentration?

Reduction of carbonic acid by elimination of CO2 through respiratory system

Increased rate of H+ excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption by renal tubules

Buffer system by immediate combination of H+ with extracellular and intracellular buffer system (correct)

Renal excretion of H+ and HCO3

What is the kidney's role in acid base balance?

Elimination of CO2 through respiratory system

Formation of lactic acid from oxidation of carbohydrates

Production of carbonic acid from CO2

Increased rate of H+ excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption by renal tubules (correct)

What are the causes and compensation mechanisms for alkalosis?

<p>Hyperventilation and renal excretion of HCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fixed acids in the body during anaerobic metabolism?

<p>$CO_2$ resulting from oxidation of fat in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sources of H+ in the Body

Two sources of H+ in the body: metabolic production and respiratory failure (e.g., respiratory acidosis)

Buffering of H+ Concentration

Rapid buffering of changes in H+ concentration is responsible viaintracellular and extracellular buffering systems

Kidney's Role in Acid-Base Balance

Kidneys regulate acid-base balance by controlling H+ secretion, bicarbonate reabsorption, and ammonium production

Alkalosis: Causes and Compensation Mechanisms

Causes of alkalosis: excessive vomiting, ingestion of bases, diuretic use, and hypokalemia
Compensation mechanisms: respiratory acidosis (via increased PCO2) and metabolic compensation (via decreased bicarbonate levels)

Fixed Acids in Anaerobic Metabolism

Primary cause of fixed acids in the body during anaerobic metabolism: lactic acid production

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Description

Test your knowledge of acid-base balance and the role of the kidneys in maintaining it. Explore the causes and compensatory mechanisms of acidosis and alkalosis, as well as the sources of hydrogen ions in the body. Ideal for students of physiology and medicine.