Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the solid portion that separates from volatile oils upon standing?

  • Menthol
  • Stearoptene
  • Eleoptene (correct)
  • Thymol

    • Which of the following is an example of a commercial stearoptene?

  • Camphor (correct)
  • Thymol (correct)
  • Menthol (correct)
  • Squalene

    • What is the function of steroids in insects?

  • Antibiotic production
  • Induction of sexual reproduction
  • Pigmentation
  • Molting (correct)

    • What is the precursor for the biosynthesis of steroids?

    <p>Squalene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is used in the assay of insulin?

    <p>Rabbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal glucocorticoid substance of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which steroid hormone is primarily bound to albumin in the bloodstream?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most lipid-soluble cardiac glycoside used in therapeutics?

    <p>Digitoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which product is derived from the gum of Acacia and is used in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Bassorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence in the preparation of natural drugs?

    <p>Collection - Harvesting - Garbling - Drying - Packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding natural and synthetic camphor?

    <p>Natural Camphor is dextrorotatory and Synthetic Camphor is levorotatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is classified based on the natural relationship among plants?

    <p>Taxonomic classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mannitol is pharmacologically utilized as what type of agent?

    <p>Osmotic diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gums and mucilages are primarily classified as which type of compounds?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs of herbal drugs and their uses are correctly matched?

    <p>Sambong - Diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is considered a homoglycan?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organisms are the sources of sutilains, which are used for wound debridement?

    <p>Escherichia subtilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of Vitamin D found in zoologic species?

    <p>Cholecalciferol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding gelatin?

    <p>Gelatin is obtained from the partial hydrolysis of collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which B vitamin occurs in the greatest proportion in dried yeasts?

    <p>Riboflavin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major natural form of vitamin A?

    <p>Retinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pantothenic acid is also known as what?

    <p>Vitamin B5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect of Levodopa (Dopar)?

    <p>Transient depression of granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin may be found in fish liver oil or other vegetable oils?

    <p>Oleovitamin A and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a two-plus (++) designation of a skin test indicate?

    <p>Definite wheal with surrounding erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following weed families is commonly associated with pollinosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common outcome of ingestion of a toxic plant?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Picrotoxin classified as?

    <p>Central depressant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is found in jequirity beans?

    <p>Abrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is known to be teratogenic?

    <p>Coniine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the toxic cyanogen found in cassava?

    <p>Linamarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ does capsaicin primarily affect in the body?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preparation is an ipecac component found in poison antidote kits?

    <p>Ipecac syrup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaloidal reagent is made up of mercuric potassium iodide?

    <p>Mayer’s reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are classified as basic nitrogenous and physiologically active plant compounds?

    <p>Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local plant is known to yield a pyridine-piperidine type alkaloid?

    <p>Chichirica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alkaloidal reagents contains iodine in potassium iodide?

    <p>Wagner’s reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which correct pair matches an alkaloid with its associated effect?

    <p>Morphine - analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaloid is classified as an anthelmintic used in veterinary medicine?

    <p>Arecoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason biologics carry expiration dates on their labels?

    <p>They lose potency quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about gingko is correct?

    <p>Has a drug-lab interaction with phenelzine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ergot alkaloid is a component of Hydergine®?

    <p>Ergotamine tartrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding ephedrine?

    <p>It is a component of a topical OTC preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correct about the smooth muscle relaxant property of theophylline?

    <p>It has smooth muscle relaxant property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding theobromine?

    <p>A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active principle of poison ivy that may cause dermatitis?

    <p>Uroshiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific name of lagundi?

    <p>Vitex negundo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approved therapeutic use of lagundi?

    <p>Remedy for asthma and cough relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacognosy & Plant Chemistry Study Notes

    • Galen described 600 plants with medicinal properties in his 780 A.D. book "De Materia Medica".
    • C.A. Seydler is thought to have introduced the term Pharmacognosy.
    • Lehrbuch der Materia medica described the study of medicinal plants and was written by J.A. Schmidt.
    • Papyrus Ebers (1550 B.C.) contained medicinal uses of plants and animals written by the Egyptian civilization.
    • Crude drugs are vegetables or animal substances that have undergone only collection and drying processes.
    • Natural plants growing in their native countries are called indigenous.
    • Packaging is the final step in preparing drugs for the commercial market, removing extraneous matter.

    Natural Relationship Between Plants and Animals

    • Taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny, and classification
    • Natural relationship among plants and animals is referred to as relationships.

    Preservation of Crude Drugs

    • Exposure of drugs to a 65°C temperature is a preservation method.
    • Using methyl bromide and chloroform are also preservation methods.
    • Organoleptic analysis includes using the senses to evaluate drug properties: appearance, odor, taste, sound upon fracture, and feel.

    Commercial Application of Techniques in Pharmacognosy

    • Eli Lilly Company used a non-disease-producing E. coli strain to produce the hormone insulin.

    Influences on Plant Drugs

    • Genetic makeup, growth stage, environment.

    Natural Products

    • Health foods are products of natural origin used for self-treatment

    Carbhohydrates/Secondary Metabolites

    • Gums and mucilages are carbohydrates.
    • Streptomycin is not a carbohydrate.
    • Concentration of secondary metabolites increases with age
    • Biogenesis is the study of pathways to form secondary constituents used in drugs.

    Correct Pairs

    • Reserpine is hypotensive.
    • Sambong is stomachic.
    • Bayabas is diuretic.
    • Lagundi is analgesic.

    Correct Statement

    • Synthetic camphor is levorotatory
    • Natural camphor is dextrorotatory
    • Both natural and semisynthetic camphor are racemic

    Steps in Preparing Natural Drugs

    • Collection, garbling, drying, and packaging.

    Sources of Bassorin

    • Acacia, karaya, Indian gum, tragacanth

    Pharmacologically Used Mannitol

    • Humectant
    • Osmotic diuretic

    Homoglycans

    • Starch, inulin, gums

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in pharmacognosy and plant chemistry, including the historical texts on medicinal plants and the preservation of crude drugs. Understand the natural relationships between plants and animals, alongside foundational terminology in the field. Test your knowledge on significant figures and principles related to the study of medicinal plants.

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