Pharmacognosy Answer Key-PINK PACOP PDF

PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 1. In 780 A.D., he described about 600 plants with medicinal properties in his book “De Materia Medica”. A. Galen B. Dioscorides C. Seydler D. Fluckiger 2. C.A. Seydler was long thought to be the first person to introduce the term Pharmacognosy. However...

PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 1. In 780 A.D., he described about 600 plants with medicinal properties in his book “De Materia Medica”. A. Galen B. Dioscorides C. Seydler D. Fluckiger 2. C.A. Seydler was long thought to be the first person to introduce the term Pharmacognosy. However, recent historical research reveals earlier usage of this term in a book entitled Lehrbuch der Materia medica, which describes the study of medicinal plants and their properties. Who wrote Lehrbuch der Materia medica? A. Pedanios Dioscorides B. Paracelcus C. J.A Schmidt D. Galen 3. Papyrus Ebers, a document written in 1550 B.C. was found in the tomb of a mummy, it contained medicinal uses of plants and animals. Which ancient civilization wrote Papyrus Ebers? A. Babylonian B. Lydian C. Egyptian D. Greek 4. These are vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying. A. Natural Substances B. Crude Drugs C. Extractives D. Derivatives 5. What do you call plants growing in their native countries? A. Indigenous B. Naturalized C. Cultivated D. Local 6. This is the final step in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market, consisting of the removal of extraneous matter. A. Packaging Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 1  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY B. Preservation C. Garbling D. Harvesting 7. Natural relationship existing among plants and among animals. A. Taxonomy B. Morphology C. Phylogeny D. Classification 8. In the preservation of crude drugs, this method is the simplest in preventing insect, attacks and other form of destruction. A. Exposure of the drugs to a temperature of 65°C B. Use of methyl bromide C. Adding a few drops of chloroform 9. This refers to the evaluation by means of the sense organs and includes the macroscopic appearance of the drug, odor, taste, sound upon fracture and feel to the touch. A. Physical Analysis B. Chemical Analysis C. Proximate Analysis D. Organoleptic Analysis 10. The first commercial application of the technique in Pharmacognosy was made by Eli Lilly Company. Using the non-disease producing strain of E. coli, this company produced the hormone __________. A. Glucagon B. Somatostatin C. Insulin D. Somatomedin 11. Which of the following may influence the secondary constituents of plant drugs? A. Genetic Composition B. Ontogeny C. Environment D. All of the above E. Only A and B Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 2  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 12. These are products of natural origin many which without therapeutic effect used by the laity in the self- treatment diseases. A. Health foods B. Crude drugs C. Extracts D. All of the above 13. Which of the following statement is/are true? I. Gums and mucilages are carbohydrates II. Streptomycin is a carbohydrates III. The concentration of secondary metabolites increases with age IV. Biogenesis refers to the study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as drugs. A) III only B) II and II C) I, II and III D) I, II and IV E) I, II and IV 14. Which of the following pairs are correct? A) Reserpine-hypotensive B) Sambong-stomachic C) Bayabas-Diuretic D) Lagundi- Analgesic 15. Which of the following statement is correct? A) Synthetic Camphor is levorotatory B) Natural Camphor is dextrorotatory C) Both natural and semisynthetic camphor are racemic D) A and B only E) A and C only 16. Give the proper sequences of the following processes in the preparation of natural drugs. I. Garbling II. Collection III. Drying IV. Harvesting V. Packaging Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 3  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY A. III-I-IV-II-V B. II-IV-III-I-V C. II-I-IV-V-III D. IV-I-III-V-II 17. This classification of drugs considers the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and animals. A) Taxonomic B) Morphologic C) Zoologic D) A and B only E) A and C only 18. The source of bassorin A) Acacia B) Karaya C) Indian gum D) Tragacanth 19. Mannitol is used pharmacologically as a/an A) Humectant B) Osmotic diuretic C) Anti-infective D) Urologic irritant 20. Which of the following is/are homoglycan(s)? A) Starch B) Inulin C) Gums D) All of the above E) A and B only 21. The milk left after separation of the cream A) Cheese B) Condensed milk C) Skimmed milk D) Butter milk 22. Fermentation product from molasses. Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 4  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY A) Wine B) Whiskey C) Rum D) Brandy 23. It is also known as the carob pulp or St. John’s Bread A) Locust Bean B) Xanthan C) Guar D) Acacia 24. It tastes approximately half as sweet as sucrose and has humectant properties which make it useful ingredients in toothpastes, chewing gums, and dietetic products. A) Mannitol B) Fructose C) Dulcitol D) Sorbitol 25. A pharmaceutic aid in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodion. A) Methylcellulose phthalate B) Soluble guncotton C) Powdered cellulose D) Cellulose acetate 26. Gum usually used as a substitute for acacia. A) Ghatti B) Tragacanth C) Karaya D) Algin 27. It is also referred to as Japanese Isinglas, and is extensively used as a gel in bacteriologic culture media. A) Carrageenan B) Agar C) Chondrus D) Cydonum Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 5  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 28. Powdered cellulose is the purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose used as a self-binding tablet diluent and disintegrating agent. Which of the following statements regarding powdered cellulose is correct? A) The purity of cellulose is defined by its solubility in hydrochloric acid. B) The cellulose remaining insoluble is termed alpha-cellulose. C) The greater the quantity of alpha-cellulose present, the higher the quality of the material. D) A and B only E) B and C only 29. The most important monosaccharides found in plants. A) Hexoses B) Pentoses C) Heptoses D) Octoses 30. Which of the following is a source of sucrose? A) Acer saccharum B) Bos Taurus C) Prunus cerasus D) Sorbus aucuparia 31. Which of the following statement is true? A) Dextrose is alpha-(L)-glucopyranose. B) Dextrose is obtained from controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. C) Dextrose can only be given PO and IV D) All of the above 32. This is a product obtained from the incomplete hydrolysis of starch. It is a colorless or yellowish, thick syrupy liquid that is nearly odorless and tastes sweet. A) Liquid dextrose B) Liquid sucrose C) Liquid dextrin D) Liquid glucose 33. Which of the following pairs are correct? A) Ferrous gluconate- hematinic B) Xylose- laxative Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 6  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY C) Lactulose- diagnostic aid D) Both A and C E) All of the above 34. Which of the following statement refers to fructose? A) From Honey B) Obtained from the inversion of aqueous solutions of sucrose C) Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields a higher fructose than dextrose content D) A and B only E) B and C only 35. In milk processing, the liquid separated from the coagulum is known as A) Condensed milk B) Butter C) Buttermilk D) Whey 36. This is a pentose also known as wood sugar, which is obtained by boiling corn cobs, straw, or similar materials with dilute acid to hydrolyze the polymer. A) Ribose B) Xylose C) Erythose D) Trehalose 37. Which of the following statement concerning lactulose is true? A) Natural sugar prepared by acidic rearrangement of lactose B) Trisaccharide C) Well absorbed D) Bacteria in the color metabolized it to acetic and lactic acid 38. Xylose is used as a/an A) Diuretic B) Pharmaceutic exciptient C) Binder D) Diagnostic Aid 39. In glycolysis, what enzymes is involved in the conversion of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3- Diphosphoglyceric acid? Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 7  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY A) Kinase B) Aldolase C) Dehydrogenase D) Isomerase 40. Aside from thiamine pyrophosphate, what coenzyme/cofactor aids in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid with pyruvic acid dehydrogenase? A) NAD B) Lipoic acid C) FAD D) Mg2+ 41. Glucose-6-PO4 is converted to ________ upon the action of phosphohexose isomerase. A) Glucose-1-phosphate B) Fructose-6-Phosphate C) Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 42. Pyruvic acid, upon the action of pyruvic acid decarboxylase yields ________. A) Ethanol B) Lactic Acid C) Methnol D) Acetaldehyde 43. Alcohol dehydrogenase acts on acetaldehyde to yield ___________. A) Lactic Acid B) Pyruvic Acid C) Ethanol D) All of the above 44. Which tricarboxylic acid was first isolated by Scheele in 1784? A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic acid D) Fumaric acid Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 8  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 45. This acid is a byproduct of wine industry. A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic acid D)Fumaric acid 46. This acid is used as an acidulant especially in feeding formulas. A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic Acid D) Fumaric acid 47. Which of the following may be produced from the process of distillation? A) Whiskey B) Rum C) Brandy D) All of the above E) Only B and C 48. Which of the following statement is true? A) Wine is sometimes used medically as a mild stimulant and tonic. B) Brandy is used as CNS stimulant C) Whiskey is used as CNS stimulant D) All of the above 49. Which of the following is obtained from Fraxious ornus L. (Fam. Oleaceae), and is used for its laxative properties? A) Gluciol B) Mannitol C) Sorbitol D) Lactulose 50. What is the usual diagnostic dose of mannitol injection? A) 200mg/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution IV in 3-5 minutes B) 50-100g daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion C) 200g/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution in 3-5 minutes. D) 50-100kg daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 9  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 51. Which of the following statements pertains to SORBITOL? I. A hexitol from the ripe berries of the mountaion ash. Sorbus aucuparia L. (Fam. Rosaceae) II. Twice as sweet as sucrose III. Used in toothpastes and chewing gums because of its humectant property A) III only B) I only C) I-III D) I and III 52. Which of the following statement is true regarding STARCH? I. α-amylase is an enzyme present in pancreatic juice and saliva II. β-amylase hydrolyzes amylase to nearly pure maltose III. Amylase reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex A) III only B) I only C) I-III D) I and III 53. What do you call the tacky proteins removed from corn and wheat in the preparation of starch? A) Glutens B) Hetastarch C) Embryo D) Germ 54. This refers to starch that has been mechanically or chemically processed to rupture all or part of the granules in the presence of water. A) Sodium starch glycolate B) Hetastarch C) Pregelatinized starch D) All of the above 55. At what % does pregelatinized serves as a plasma expander? A) 10% B) 20% C) 3% D) 6% Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 10  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 56. What is the use of sodium starch glycolate? A) Disintegrating agent in tablet formation B) Plasma Expander C) Binder D) Thickener 57. This is formed from sucrose by the action of a transglucoslose enzyme system present in Leuconostoc mesenteloids. A) Dextran B) Dextrin C) Insulin D) Guar gum 58. This is an example of a microbial gum. A) Pectin B) Guar gum C) Acacia D) Dextran 59. This is responsible for the swelling property of tragacanth. A) Bassorin B) Tragacanthin C) Arabin D) Galacturonic acid 60. Which of the following statement is correct? A) Pectin-cellulose derivatives B) Karaya-microbial gum C) Algine-marine gum D) Acacia- Seed gum 61. Which of the following is a seed gum? A) Algin B) Guar C) Pectin D) Karaya Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 11  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 62. It is the gummy exudates from Sterculia urens and it consists of an acetylated heteropolysaccaride with a high component of galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid residues. A) Karaya gum B) Algin C) Acacia D) Xanthan 63. This is a high molecular weight gum with pseudoplastic properties, which enable it to be used in toothpastes and oinments. A) Guar B) Dextran C) Karaya D) Xanthan 64. Which of the following is a microbial gum? A) Dextrin B) Xanthan C) Acacia D) Guar 65. This is a dried, hydrophilic, colloidal substance extracted from Gelliium Cartilagineum and Gracilaria confervoides. A) Agar B) Algin C) Carrageenan D) Karaya 66. This is a term referring to closely related hydrocolloids that are obtained from varios red algae or sea weeds. A) Agar B) Algin C) Carrageenan D) Karaya 67. Carrageenans can be separated into several components. Which of the following types of carrageenan is non-gelling and is more useful as a thickener. A) Kappa B) Lambda Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 12  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY C) Inu D) Iota 68. Which of the following is obtained from Furcellaria fastigiata, a red algae? A) Agar B) Irish moss C) Danish Agar D) Japanese Isinglas 69. This hydrocolloid is a galactomannan obtained from the powdered endosperm of the seed of Cyamposis tetragonolobus. A) Guar B) Locust Bean C) Psyllium D) All of the above 70. This is used as a chocolate substitute. A) Guar B) Locust bean C) Psyllium D) All of the above 71. What is the only form of glycoside that occur in plants? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) Sigma 72. Which drug has reduced forms of emodin-type glycosides in its fresh bark? A) Rhubarb B) Danthron C) Casara sagrada D) Aloe 73. What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste? A) Magnesium oxide B) Calcium carbonate Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 13  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY C) Simple Syrup D) Talc 74. What is the principal anthraxquinone glycoside contained in Alor barbadensis? A) Chrysophanic acid B) Anthromol C) Barbaloin D) Emodin 75. Which glycosidic drug is cultivated on lands resembling rice paddies? A) Rheum B) Senna C) Chrysazin D) Frangula 76. What chemical is used to extract 50 to 70% yield chrysarobin form Goa poweder? A) Chloroform B) Hot benzene C) Cooled Ethyl Alcohol D) Petroleum Ether 77. Which antraquinone glycoside is not employed as cathartic? A) Chrysazin B) Rheum C) Buckthorn bark D) Chrysarobin 78. What type of saponin glycosides are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains? A) Acid saponins B) Alkaline saponins C) Neutral saponins D) None of the above 79. Which health problem may aggravated by increased consumption of large quantities of licorice? A) Peptic ulcer B) Hypertension C) Hyperthyroidism Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 14  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) Addison’s Disease 80. What amygdalin-containing preparation have anticancer claims? A) Vitamin P B) Vitamin B17 C) Vitamin B9 D) Linoleic Acid 81. What enzyme effects the hydrolysis of sinigrin? A) Myrosin B) Emulsin C) Rutin D) Prunase 82. What is the pungnent-tasting oil that is produced by the hydrolysis of Sanapis alba? A) Sinalbin B) Mustard oil C) Acrinyl Isothiocyanate D) Allyl isothiocyanate 83. What is the alcohol produced by the hydrolysis of Salicin by emulsion? A) Salicylin B) Populin C) Benzoyl salicin D) Saligenin 84. Which of the following is TRUE about uva-ursi? A) Available in the form of herbal teas. B) Diuretic C) Weak urinary antiseptic D) All of the above E) A and B only 85. Which of the following statement is true? A) Sennoside and cascara sagrada are equally potent. B) Sennoside is a more potent laxative than cascara sagrada. C) Sennoside is a less potent laxative than cascara sagrada. Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 15  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 86. Which of the following statement is/are true about castor oil? A) Castor oil should not be used by pregnant women. B) It works primarily in the large intestine. C) Dehydration is not a problem with the use of castor oil. D) All of the above E) Only A and B 87. What insoluble red-colored products are produced by the polymerization of tannins? A) Catechin B) Leucocyanidin C) Carotenophenes D) Phlophabenes 88. What color is produced by tannins with potassium ferricyanide and ammonia? A) Dark blue B) Greenish Black C) Deep red D) Yellow 89. What insect produces the excrescence Nutgall? A) Quercus infectoria B) Cantharis vesicatoria C) Cynips tinctoria D) Rhus chinesis 90. What is a mixture of esters of gallic acid with glucose? A) Gallotannic acid B) Ellagic acid C) Chinese gall D) White Gall 91. Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of hydrolysable tannins? A) Consist of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose B) Most of the result from the condensation of 2 or more flavan-3-ols or flavan 3,4-diols C) Forms phlobaphenes D) All of the above Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 16  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 92. What is the principal constituent of Nutgall? A) Gallic acid B) Ellagic acid C) Resin D) Tannic acid 93. Tannic acid is used mainly as a/an. A) Astrigent B) Humectant C) Plasma expander D) Deodorizer 94. This drug, consisting of dried insects, is widely known as an aphrodisiac. A) Psoralen B) Cantharides C) Tannic Acids D) Uva ursi 95. Which of the following is photosensitizing furocoumarin? A) Psoralen B) Cantharides C) Tannic acids D) Uva ursi 96. Skimmin, aesculin and coumarin belong to what type of glycosides? A) Saponin B) Anthraquinone C) Lactone D) Cyanogenic 97. Which of the following is a source of phenol glycosides? A) Uva-ursi B) Coumarin C) Cantharides D) Hamammelitanin Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 17  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 98. These are complex substances, usually mixtures of polyphenols, which are difficult to separate because they do not crystallize. At present, chromatographic analysis has enabled researchers to study them. A) Steroids B) Glycosides C) Tannins D) Alkanoids 99. Which of the following is/are phenolic glycoside? A) Arbutin B) Hesperidin C) Phloridzin D) All of the above 100. Which of the following is a degradation product of penicillin-type antibiotics? A) Heparin B) Protamine Sulfate C) Penicillamine D) Microfibrilar collagen 101. This product is also known as catgut suture, surgical catgut and surgical gut. A) Microfibrillar collagen B) Absorbable surgical suture C) Nonabsorbable surgical suture D) Absorbable gelatin film 102. This is a coagulating enzyme, which curdes the soluble casein in milk present in the mucous membrane of the stomach in mammals. A) Pepsin B) Trypsin C) Rennin D) Papain 103. Bromelin, bromelain, or bromelains is a mixture of protein-digesting enzymes and milk- clotting enzymes from Ananas comosus(Bromelicaceae), commonly known as _________. A) Corn B) Pineapple C) Guyabano Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 18  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) Atis 104. This enzyme is isolated from human urine of from human kidney cells by tissue culture techniques. A) Urokinase B) Fibrinolysin C) Desoxyribonuclease D) Streptokinase 105. This enzyme is used as a spreading and diffusing factor. A) Crystallized trysin B) Hyaluronidase for injection C) Streptokinase D) Fibrinolysin 106. This enzyme is used as an ingredient in cleaning solutions for contact lenses. A) Trypsin B) Pepsin C) Papain D) Chymopapin 107. This enzyme is found in almonds, and it causes the hydrolysis of β-glucosides. Amygdalin is thus hydrolyzed into glucose, benzaldehyde, and hydrogen cyanide. A) Invertase B) Myrosin C) Emulsin D) Maltase 108. Papain is used as: I. Meat tenderizer II. Contact lens cleaner III. Treatment of Herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. A) III only B) II only C) I and II D) I-IV E) I-III Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 19  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 109. Sultilains are substances containing proteolytic enzymes, which are topically used as oinments for wound debridement. Sutilains are derived from what organisms? A) Staphylococcus Aureus B) Staphylococcus pneumonia C) Escherichia coli D) Escherichia subtilis 110. Which of the following statements is correct? A) Gelatin is obtained from the partial hydrolysis of collagen B) Gelatin is a complete protein source C) Gelatin is tryptophan-rich D) All of the above 111. Which of the following pairs of lectins and their sources is correct? A) Ricin-locust bark B) Abrin-castor bean C) Abrin-jequirity seeds D) All of the above 112. Which of the following is the source of L-asparaginase? A) Staphylococcus aureus B) Streptococcus pneumonia C) Escherichia Coli D) Bacillus subtilis 113. Which of the following is/are adverse effect(s) of Levodopa (Dopar )? 1. Nausea and vomiting 2. Akinesia 3. Transient depression of granulocytes 4. Rigidity A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 1-4 114. What is the primary form of Vitamin D encountered in zoologic species? A) Cholecalciferol Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 20  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY B) Ergocalciferol C) Dihyrotachysterol D) 7-dehydrocholesterol 115. This is the major natural form of vitamin A. A) 3-dehydroretinol B) Retinoicacid C) Retinol D) Retinal 116. Pantothenic acid is also known as: A) Vitamin B9 B) Chick anti-dermatitis factor C) Vitamin B5 D) Both A and B E) Both B and C 117. Which of the following vitamin may be found fish liver oil or other vegetable oil? A) Oleovitamin A and D B) Oleovitamin A and E C) Oleovitamin D and E D) Oleovitamin A E) Oleovitamin E 118. Which of the following B vitamins occur in greatest proportion in dried yeasts? A) Thiamine B) Riboflavin C) Niacin D) The B vitamins occur equal concentrations 119. Para aminobenzoic acid or PABA is used as A) Ultraviolet sunscreen B) Enhancer of sulfonamide antibacterial activity C) Enhancer of serum salicylate activity D) A and B only E) A and C only Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 21  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 120. Prolonged oral antibiotic therapy may result in the deficiency of which of the following vitamins? A) B B) C C) D D) K 121. Which of the following vitamins serve as a precursor of coenzyme A, which is a cofactor essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. A) Pyridoxine B) Pantothenic acid C) Folic acid D) Cyanocobalamin 122. Clinical symptom/s of folic acid deficiency A) Megoblastic anemia B) Macrocytic anemia C) Glossitis D) All of the above E) A and B only 123. Which of the following vitamins must be supplemented in poisonings caused by cycloserine and isoniazid? A) Niacin B) Folic acid C) Ascorbic acid D) Pyridoxine 124. Which of the following is true regarding pyridoxine deficiency? 1. Resemble niacin and riboflavin deficiencies 2. Neurologic abnormalities 3. Macrocytic anemia 4. Tryptopan loading dose may be used for its diagnosis A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 1, 2 and 4 125. Which of the following is true regarding enzymes? Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 22  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 1. Enzymes are colloids, soluble in water and diluted alcohol. 2. They exhibit optimal activity at 35-40°C 3. They maintain substantial activity at 0°C. 4. They are destroyed at temperature exceeding 65°C. A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 1, 2 and 4 126. Which of the following is true regarding PANCRELIPASE? 1. Concentration form of pancreatin 2. Lipase activity is increased 20-fold compared to pancreatin 3. Amylase and protease activity is increased 4-fold 4. Contraindicated for steatorrhea A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 1, 2 and 4 127. Vitamin supplementation is technically unnecessary in cases when the individual has a balanced diet. In which of the conditions below would vitamin supplementation be necessary? A) Chronic alcoholism B) Lactation C) Cystic fibrosis D) All of the above E) A and B only 128. Use of tretinoin A) Treatment of acne vulgaris B) Prevention of hemorrhagic conditions C) Treatment of Hartnup’s disease D) All of the above 129. Paresthesias of the extremeties or “burning foot” syndrome is the most distinctive symptom of this vitamin. A) Pyridoxine B) Niacin C) Pantothenic acid D) Thiamine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 23  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 130. What is the active constituent of wintergreen? A) Eucalyptus oil B) Olive oil C) Menthol D) Gaultheria oil 131. This is a ketone volatile oil, which is use as an antipruritic. A) Eucalyptol B) Spearmint C) Camphor D) Inositol 132. What type of volatile oil is citral? A) Alcohol B) Ketone C) Hydrocarbon D) Aldehyde 133. The most important contributor to lemon oil flavor. A) Citral B) Neral C) Limonene D) Geranial 134. The principal component of essential oils are A) Terpenes B) Aldehydes C) Lactose D) Esters 135. Peppermint, cardamom oil, coriander oil, rose oil, orange flower oil, juniper oil, and pine oil are examples of what type of volatile oil? A) Ketone B) Phenolic C) Aldehyde D) Alcohol Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 24  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 136. What is formed by the reaction between nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol? A) Borneol B) Terpinol C) Cineole D) Eugenol 137. Volatile oils occur in specialized secretory structures. A) Modified parenchymal cells-Labiatae B) Vittae-Piperaceae C) Lysigenous/Schizogenous passages-Pinacea D) Glandular hairs- Rutaceae 138. Which of the following statements regarding volatile oils is correct? I. Volatile oils may act as repellants. II. Volatile oils may function as attractants. III. The terpene derivatives are formed via Shikimic Acid-Phenylpropanoid route. IV. The aromatic compounds are formed via the acetate-mevalonic acid pathway. A) I and IV B) III and IV C) I and III D) I-III 139. Which of the following describe/s volatile oils? I. Low refractive indices II. Optically active III. Miscible with water IV. Soluble in organic solvents A) I and II B) III only C) II and III D) II and IV 140. Volatile oils and fixed oils share several points of differentiation. Which of the following is true? A) Fixed oils can be distilled B) Volatile oils can be saponified with alkalies C) Volatile oils do not become rancid D) Fixed oils oxidize and resinify Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 25  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 141. Which of the following is true about volatile oils? A) Become rancid B) Can be distilled from natural sources C) May be saponified with alkalies D) All of the above 142. What type of extraction process is applied to plant material that is dried and not subject to injury by boiling? A) Water distillation B) Water and steam distillation C) Direct steam distillation D) Enzymatic hydrolysis 143. What type of extraction process is employed in extracting turpentine oil? A) Water distillation B) Water and steam distillation C) Direct steam distillation D) Enzymatic hydrolysis 144. What type of extraction process is employed for substances that are injured by boiling? A) Water distillation B) Water and steam distillation C) Direct steam distillation D) Enzymatic hydrolysis 145. What type of extraction process is employed in obtaining mustard oil? A) Water distillation B) Water and steam distillation C) Direct steam distillation D) Enzymatic hydrolysis 146. What type of process is employed in the extraction of volatile oils from citrus fruits (lemon oil, orange oil)? A) Expression B) Enfleurage C) Ecuelle D) Destructive distillation Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 26  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 147. This is a general method for obtaining citrus oils by rolling the fruit over a through lined by sharp projections, which are long enough to puncture oil glands in the epidermis. A) Expression B) Enfleurage C) Ecuelle D) Destructive distillation 148. Which of the following methods is suitable in obtaining small amounts of volatile oils in plant parts such as flower petals? A) Expression B) Enfleurage C) Ecuelle D) Destructive distillation 149. What type of distillation is employed to the plants in the family Pinaceae when they are heated without access to air? A) Water distillation B) Water and steam distillation C) Direct steam distillation D) Destructive distillation 150. This is the most widely distributed monocyclic terpene. It occurs in citrus, peppermint, caraway, cardamom, coriander, and other oils. A) Limonene B) Pinene C) Sabinene D) Myrcene 151. Lipid metabolites formed in the body from essential unsaturated fatty acids from the diet. A) Waxes B) Lipids C) Prostaglandins D) Fats 152. Which of the following is the most important dietary precursor of prostaglandins? A) Oleic acid B) Arachidonic acid C) Linoleic acid Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 27  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) Linolenic acid 153. Which is not a product of arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase pathway? A) Prostaglandin B) Leukotriene C) Thromboxane D) Prostacyclin 154. Prostaglandin E1, which is used as a palliative treatment to maintain temporarily neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, is also known as A) Carboprost B) Dinoprostone C) Alprostadil D) Misoprostol 155. These are esters of fatty acids with high molecular weight monohydric alcohol. A) Waxes B) Lipds C) Fixed oils D) Fats 156. A natural prostaglandin used to terminate pregnancy from the 12th week through the 2nd trimester. A) Dinoprostone B) Alprostadil C) Carboprost D) Misoprostol 157. This contains the highest concentration and greatest number of prostaglandins. A) Brain B) Thymus C) Prostate gland D) Seminal fluid 158. What are the main classes of prostaglandins? A) A B) B C) F D) All of the above Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 28  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY E) Only A and B 159. The parent compound of all natural prostaglandins? A) Prostanoic acid B) Unsaturated fatty acids C) Arachidonic acids D) Linoleic acids 160. They consist of 3 isoprene units. A) Monoterpenes B) Sesquiterpenes C) Diterpenes D) Triterpenes 161. What type of terpenes are found most commonly in volatile oils? A) Monoterpenes B) Sesquiterpenes C) Diterpenes D) Triterpenes 162. A sesquiterpene from feverfew that acts as a serotonin antagonist. A) Arthemether B) Valarenic acid C) Colforsin D) Parthenolide 163. A sesquiterpenoid lactone from Artemisia annua and has been traditionally used as an antimalarial. A) Quinghaosu B) Chamomile C) Feverfew D) Valerian 164. Paclitaxel, an antineoplastic from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, is classified as a/an A) Monoterpenes B) Sesquiterpenes C) Diterpenes D) Triterpenes Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 29  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 165. Which of the following yields a triterpenoid with an antifeedant propterty? A) Coleus forskohlii B) Azadirachta inidica C) Gingko biloba D) Matricaria recutita 166. These form the largest class of terpenoids A) Monoterpenes B) Diterpenes C) Sesquiterpenes D) Triterpenes 167. Valerenic acid from valerian is used as A) Blood schizonticide B) Antianxiety agent C) Spasmolytic D) Antimigraine 168. Cineole is abundant in A) Turpentine oil B) Thyme oil C) Eucalyptus oil D) Mint oil 169. What is the major constituent of fennel oil from Foeniculum vulgare? A) Trans-anethole B) Fenchone C) Pinene D) Estragole 170. What phenolic ether volatile oil is obtained from Illicium verum (Fam. Magnoliaceae)? A) Anise oil B) Fennel oil C) Chinese star anise oil D) All of the above Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 30  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 171. What is the chemical name of the active isoprene unit in the biosynthesis of terpenoids? A) Geranyl pyrophosphate B) Farnesyl pyrophosphate C) Isopentanyl pyrophosphate D) Acetyl CoA 172. It is regarded as the “Ginseng of Europe” because it is extensively cultivated and utilized in European folk medicine. A) Feverfew B) Camphor C) Eucalyptus D) Chamomile 173. These are resinous mixtures containing cinnamic acids, benzoic acids, or both, or esters of these acids. A) Resins B) Balsams C) Gums D) Tannins 174. The psychoactive constituent of the drug Cannabis. A) Tetrahydrocannabinol B) Cannabidiol C) Cannabinol D) Nabilone 175. The oleo-gum-resin obtained from Commiphora molmol. A) Storax B) Myrrh C) Benzoin D) Turpentine 176. This is the oleo-gum-resin found in Astring-O-Sol®. A) Storax B) Myrrh C) Benzoin D) Turpentine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 31  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 177. The dental analgesic that is chemically, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol is commonly known as ___________. A) Myrosin B) Sinigrin C) Eugenol D) Salicin 178. Examples of oleo-gum-resins A) Myrrh B) Asafetida C) Storax D) All of the above E) Only A and B 179. Clove oil (eugenol) is chemically classified as _________ volatile oil. A) Alcohol B) Aldehyde C) Phenol D) Ketone 180. Which source has a gained reputation among prison inmates of being a hallucinogenic drug? A) Nutmeg B) Juniper C) Cinnamon D) Turpentine 181. The scientific name of the source of spearmint oil. A) Mentha arvensis B) Mentha spicata C) Mentha piperita D) Mentha cordifolia 182. The solid or crytallized portion remaining after refrigeration of the peppermint oil. A) Eugenol B) Menthol C) Eucalyptol D) Thymol Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 32  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 183. Which of the following is the source of cassia oil? A) Clove B) Cinnamon C) Myristica D) Anise 184. Anise oil is chemically classified as _____________. A) Oxide volatile oil B) Ketone volatile oil C) Aldehyde volatile oil D) Phenolic ether volatile oil 185. Which of the following sources of volatile oils is used as an antianxiety and sleep aid? A) Feverfew B) Gingko C) Valerian D) Taxol 186. Which of the following volatile oils is an ingredient in terpin hydrate elixir? A) Juniper oil B) Turpentine oil C) Pine oil D) Thyme oil 187. This volatile oil contains benzaldehyde. A) Mustard oil B) Myristica oil C) Bitter almond oil D) Ginger oil 188. Eucalyptus oil belongs to which plant family? A) Pinaceae B) Labiatae C) Myrtaceae D) Rutaceae Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 33  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 189. Methylsalicylate or gaultheria oil is classified chemically as ________ volatile oil. A) Phenol B) Phenolic ether C) Ketone D) Ester 190. These are amorphous products with complex chemical nature, and are believed to be oxidation products of terpenes. A) Resins B) Resenes C) Resinols D) Balsams 191. It is also known as may apple or mandrake, and is employed as an antimitotic and caustic. A) Podophyllum B) Jalap C) Eriodictyon D) None of the above 192. This resin from Pisracia lentiscus is used in the form of dental varnish to seal cavities. A) Jalap B) Eriodictyon C) Mastic D) Kava-kava 193. Which of the following is used as a flavor to disguise the bitterness of quinine preparations? A) Eriodictyon B) Mastic C) Yerba Santa D) A and B only E) A and C only 194. Which of the following are the other names Cannabis? A) Indian Hemp B) Hashish C) Marihuana D) All of the above E) A and b only Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 34  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 195. This is used as a pharmaceutic aid for compound benzoin tincture. A) Benzoin B) Tolu Balsam C) Siam Benzoin D) Peru Balsam 196. Alpha and beta peltatins of podophyllum are responsible for its ________ properties. A) Purgative B) Counterirritant C) Antimitotic D) Anti-seborrheic 197. This refers to the solid resin obtained from Pinus palustris, which is used as stiffening agent in cerates, plasters and ointments. A) Jalap B) Rosin C) Colophony D) A and B E) B and C 198. Jalap and Podophyllum are pharmaceutic resins obtained by A) Extracting the drug with alcohol and precipitating the resins with water B) Distillation to separate the oil from oleoresin C) Collecting the natural product that has exuded as oleoresin plant through natural or artificial puncture and from which natural oil has partially evaporated into the atmosphere. D) Any of the above 199. Mastic is a pharmaceutic resin obtained by A) Extracting the drug with alcohol and precipitating the resins with water B) Distillation to separate the oil from oleoresin C) Collecting the natural product that has exuded as oleoresin plant through natural or artificial punctures and from which natural oil has partially evaporated into the atmosphere. D) Any of the above 200. This is an example of drying oil A) Linseed B) Olive C) Almond D) Peach Kernel Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 35  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 201. The alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis of fats and fixed oils is known as: A) Esterification B) Saponification C) Oxidation D) Lipolysis 202. The basic nitrogenous compound present in lecithin: A) Adenosine B) Guanine C) Choline D) Acetylcholine 203. The number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free acids in 1 grams of sample: A) Iodine value B) Saponification value C) Acid value D) Ester value 204. Which of the following statements regarding fixed oils is true? A) Fixed oils are classified into drying and non-drying oils B) When exposed to air, non-drying oils undergo oxidation with formation of tough, hard film. C) The drying quality is caused by the presence of unsaturated fatty acids of a distinctive character, such as linoleic and linolenic acids. D) A and B E) A and C 205. Which of the following pairs is correct? A) Castor- antirachitic B) Olive Oil- Emollient C) Lecithins- pharmaceutic aid for emulsions D) A and B E) B and C 206. Which of the following is true regarding volatile oils? A) Volatile oils or essential oils are called olea aetherea in some countries. B) The solid portion that separates upon standing of the volatile oils is called eleoptene. Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 36  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY C) The liquid portion that separates is called stearoptene. D) All of the above 207. Example(s) of commercial stearoptenes. A) Thymol B) Camphor C) Menthol D) All of the above E) A and B 208. Use of castor oil: A) Retardant for dental cement B) Anti-diarrheal C) Stimulant cathartic D) Emulsifying agent 209. These are esters resulting from the condensation of high molecular weight, straight chain fatty chains fatty acids and high molecular weight, primary, straight chain alcohols: A) Terpenes B) Steroids C) Volatile oils D) Waxes 210. Function of steroids 1. Molting of insects 2. Development of the reproductive system 3. Induction of sexual reproduction in fungi 4. Pigmentation A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 1, 2 and 4 211. The precursor of the biosynthesis of steroids. A) Proline B) Isoprene C) Squalene D) Malonyl-CoA Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 37  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 212. This is the animal source of Premarin®, which is an example of conjugated estrogen. A) Frog B) Rabbit C) Dog D) mare 213. This is the principal glucocorticoid substance of the adrenal cortex. A) Cortisone B) Cortisol C) Desoxycorticosterone D) Desoxycortone 214. Steroidal hormones are bound to: A) Lipids B) Carbohydrates C) Albumin D) Blood 215. Animal employed in the assay of digitalis glycosides. A) Dog B) Cat C) Pigeon D) Rabbit 216. Animal employed in the assay of heparin. A) Rachitic cat B) Dog C) Cat D) Sheep 217. Animal employed in the assay of insulin A) Dog B) Cat C) Pigeon D) Rabbit Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 38  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 218. It is the most lipid-soluble of the cardiac glycoside used in therapeutics. A) Deslanoside B) Digitoxin C) Digoxin D) Digitalis 219. The oil obtained from a variety of rapeseed. A) Benne oil B) Flaxseed oil C) Canola oil D) Persic oil 220. Water content of anhydrous lanolin. A) 0.25% B) 0.50% C) 0.10% D) 1.00% 221. Prostaglandin that is used orally in patients that are high risk for developing ulcers during NSAID therapy, which is banned in some countries due to its abortifacient property. A) Alprostadil B) Carboprost C) Dinopostone D) Misoprostol 222. The waxy substance derived from the head of sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus. A) Carnauba B) Ambergis C) Spermaceti D) Civet 223. The most important dietary precursor of the prostaglandins is A) Linoleic acid B) Linolenic acid C) Arachidonic acid D) Palmitoleic acid Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 39  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 224. Peanut oil is also known as A) Rapeseed oil B) Arachis oil C) Olive oil D) Teel oil 225. The toxic lectin principle of Ricinus communis. A) Ricinine B) Ricitin C) Ricin D) Hemagglutinin 226. These are esters resulting from the condensation of high molecular weight, straight chain fatty acids and high molecular weight, primary straight chain alcohols. A) Terpenes B) Steroids C) Volatile oils D) Waxes 227. A fatty acid prepared from the pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid that has antifungal property. A) Stearic acid B) Undecylenic acid C) Linolenic acid D) Oleic acid 228. This is obtained from the lipid fraction of Glycine soja, that can be used as a precursor of steroidal hormones. A) Cholesterol B) Ergosterol C) Stigmasterol D) Cholecalciferol 229. This is the powdered mare after the cacao butter is expressed. A) Bitter chocolate B) Sweet chocolate C) Breakfast cocoa D) Cocoa shell powder Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 40  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 230. Jojoba oil, a liquid wax expressed from the seeds of Simmondsia chinensis, belongs to the family A) Buxaceae B) Apiaceae C) Arecacea D) Asteraceae 231. Hyoscyamine, when racemized during extraction, is converted to A) Scopolamine B) (-)-tropin C) Hyoscine D) Atropine 232. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding alkaloids? 1. Free alkaloids are sparingly soluble in water. 2. Alkaloids combine directly with acids to form salts. 3. Alkaloids are liberated from aqueous solutions of their salts by acids. 4. Alkaloids form highly insoluble precipitates with salts of heavy metals. A) 3 only B) 1, 2 and 3 C) 1, 2 and 4 D) 2 only 233. Broom, Cytisus scoparius (Fam. Fabaceae) contains this alkaloids, which is used for cardiac arrhythmias and as oxytocic. A) Lycopsamine B) Sparteine C) Thebaine D) Conline 234. Which of the following is classified as tropane alkaloid? A) Scopolamine B) Solanine C) Brucine D) Cephaeline 235. Thalleioquine reaction is used to identify this alkaloid. A) Atropine B) Caffeine C) Morphine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 41  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) Ephedrine 236. Strychnine and brucine are examples of _________ alkaloids. A) Indole B) Purine C) Imidazole D) Tropane 237. Mescaline, a psychomimetics, is obtained from A) Psilocybe mexicana B) Lophophora williamsii C) Catha edulis D) Rivea corymbosa E) Hordeum vulgare 238. This is preferred over caffeine in the treatment of cardiac edema and angina pectoris because it has little stimulant action on the CNS. A) Theophylline B) Theobromine C) Coffee D) Aminophylline E) Xanthine 239. Aside from antihypertensive action, reserpine is also officially used as a/an. A) Cure of dysentery B) Febrifuge C) Antidote for snake bite D) Adjunct in psychotherapy E) Anticancer agent 240. Atropine, an antidote in poisoning caused by physostigmine and organphosphate insecticides, is an example of ________ alkaloids. A) Tropane B) Indole C) Flavonoid D) Purine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 42  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 241. A skeletal muscle relaxant from South American Arrow poison A) Tubocurarine chloride B) Atracurium besylate C) Physostigmine D) Sanguinarine E) Berberine 242. Which of the following alkaloids exist as a liquid? A) Coniine B) Lobeline C) Atropine D) Quinine E) Tubocurarine 243. The official test animal used to assay curare alkaloids by the “head drop” cross-over method. A) Cat B) Dog C) Pigeon D) Mice 244. Thorn apple, which yields scopolamine, is called locally as A) Talong B) Tambalisa C) Trompeta D) Talampunay E) Tangan-tangan 245. Alkaloid reagents are used to precipitate alkaloids. Which alkaloidal reagent is composed of phosphotungstic acid? A) Wagner’s reagent B) Scheilbler’s reagent C) Mayer’s reagent D) Sonneschein reagent 246. Paracelsus referred to it as the “stone of immortality”. A) Morphine B) Codeine C) Heroin Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 43  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) Opium E) Cocaine 247. Vinblastine exerts its antineoplastic action by A) Interfering with DNA coding and replication B) Preventing the conversion of folinate to tetrahydrofolate C) Inhibitng DNA gyrase D) Interfering with the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules. E) Modulating the immune system 248.This substance, which was discovered by A. Hoffman is considered as the most and most specific hallucinogen known A) Mescaline B) Lysergic acid diethylamide C) Methysergide D) Ergine E) Lysergic acid 249. Caffeine is used with this ergot alkaloid to treat migraine headaches. A) Methysergide maleate B) Ergotamine tartrate C) Methylergonovine maleate D) Ergometrine maleate 250. Serpasil® is a prescription product of which alkaloids? A) Codeine B) Caffeine C) Reserpine D) Ergometrine E) Physostigmine 251. Nicotine, an alkaloid from Nicotiana tabacum, is a derivative of A) Piperidine B) Nicotinic acid C) Pyrrolidine D) Tropane E) Tropine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 44  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 252. This alkaloid contains an indole nucleus A) Pilicarpine B) Ephedrine C) Reserpine D) Caffeine E) Atropine 253. This assay provides information about the percent of extractive representing the total class of plant alkaloid. A) Proximate assay B) Ultimate assay C) Spectrometric assay D) Chromatographic assay E) Titrimetry 254. The chief source of hyoscine A) Atropa belladonna B) Daatura fastuosa C) Hyoscyamus niger D) Datura stramonium E) Hyoscyamus muticus 255. This alkaloid is employed in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma. A) Emetine B) Eserine C) Morphine D) Reserpine E) Strychnine 256. An ipecac preparation, which is a component of poison antidote kits A) Ipecac fluidextract B) Dover’s powder C) Ipecac syrup D) Emetine HCl E) Powdered ipecac 257. This alkaloidal reagent is composed of mercuric potassium iodide. A) Mayer’s reagent Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 45  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY B) Marme’s reagent C) Wagner’s reagent D) Dragendorff’s reagent 258. Basic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin that are physiologically active A) Glycosides B) Alkaloids C) Hormones D) Terpenoids E) Lipids 259. Which of the following local plants yields an alkaloid of the pyridine-piperidine type? A) Ambal B) Anonas C) Chichirica D) Dapdap E) Ipil-ipil 260. Which of the following alkaloidal reagents is composed of iodine in potassium iodide? A) Wagner’s reagent B) Mayer’s reagent C) Dragendorff’s reagent D) Phosphotungstic acid 261. Which of the following pairs are correct? A) Physostigmine- mydriatic B) Morphine- analgesic C) Brucine- central depressant D) Atropine- miotic 262. Which of the following alkaloids is classified as an anthelmintic in veterinary practice? A) Lobeline B) Nicotine C) Arecoline D) Scopolamine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 46  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 263. Biologics may be classified as A) Antigen B) Antibody C) Antitoxin D) A and B 264. Active immunity may be acquired through 1. Recovery from an infection 2. Series of administration 3. Repeated injections of a toxoid A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1 and 3 D) 1-3 265. All biologics are dated or carry an expiration date on their label because A) They do not retain their potency for an indefinite period B) The activity of a biological product is rapidly lost C) The biologic has its own half life D) The biologics come from variable sources 266. The following statements regarding vaccines are true 1. Vaccines are composed of attenuated or live or killed immunity of an individual 2. Vaccines are given primarily to stimulate the passive immunity of an individual 3. Vaccines are used as inoculations to stimulate the productions of antibodies 4. Vaccines may be developed using recombinant technology A) 3 only B) 1, 3 and 4 C) 1, 2 and 4 D) 1, 2 and 3 267. Which of the following statements regarding polio vaccines is TRUE? A) Inactivated polio vaccine is commonly called trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV). B) Inactivated polio vaccine is more commonly referred to as Salk Polio vaccine C) Polioviruss vaccine inactivated is more commonly known as Sabin vaccine. D. All of the above Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 47  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 268. Measles vaccine is recommended for active immunization for A) Children 15 months of age or older B) Infants under 15 months of age C) Children 3 year old and older D) Children under 10 years of age 269. Regarding bacterial vaccines, which of the following is TRUE? 1. An oral vaccine for typhoid is available as an enteric-coated capsule 2. Meningococcal vaccines are not efficacious in children under 2 years old 3. Haemophilus B vaccine are used in children less than 18 months of age 4. Pertussis vaccine is usually accompanied by a dose of acetaminophen to reduce the risk of high fever and febrile convulsions. A) 3 only B) 1, 3 and 4 C) 1, 2 and 4 D) 1, 2 and 3 270. Diagnostic antigens are employed to A) Protect an individual from a disease B) Stimulate passive immunity C) Activate active immunity D) Determine whether an individual has developed hypersensitivity 271. What is used to culture measles virus? A) Agar B) Armadillo C) Monkey D) Avian embryo tissue 272. An allergic reaction is primarily due to the release of A) Serotonin B) Adrenaline C) Bradykinin D) Histamine Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 48  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 273. Poison ivy and oak contain a non-volatile phenolic principle producing allergic symptoms. This substance is A) Urushiol B) Toxicodendrol C) 3-pentodecylcatechol D) Exine 274. The toxic component in castor bean A) Ricinoleic acid B) Linoleic acid C) Lycorine D) Ricin 275. Examples of bacterial vaccines 1. Cholerea vaccine 2. Plague vaccine 3. Hepa A vaccine 4. TB vaccine A) 3 only B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 1, 2 and 4 276. A two-plus (++) designation of a skin test means: A) Wheal with definite pseudopods and erythema B) Definite wheal with surrounding erythema C) Erythema larger than 20mm but no wheal D) Erythema smaller than 20mm in diameter 277. Weeds associated with pollinosis include members of A) Amaranthaceae B) Asteraceae C) Chenopodiaceae D) All of the above 278. The most common outcome of the igestion of a toxic plant is A) Acute dermatitis Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 49  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY B) Hepatitis C) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea D) Pneumonia 279. Picrotoxin is a A) Narcotic analgesic B) Powerful anticonvulsant C) Central depressant D) Terotogenic 280. The toxic principle in jequirity beans is A) Dauricine B) Abrin C) Tung oil D) Gelsemine 281. Most poisonous and non-edible mushrooms contain A) Muscarine B) Ibotine C) Amanitine D) A and B 282. Which is/are teratogenic poison(s)? A) Capsaicin B) Coniine C) Linamarin D) None of the above 283. Toxic cyanogen found in cassava A) Amygdalin B) Jacobine C) Linamarin D) Anabarine 284.Factors contributing to the variability in the concentration of toxic components in plants may be A) Plant part used B) Age of plant C) Climactic and soil differences Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 50  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY D) All of the above 285. Capsaicin, found in different species of capsicum, primarily causes of what organ of the body? A) Skin B) Lungs C) Kidney D) eyes 286. Which of the following is an example of an imidazole alkaloid? A) Green and white hellebore B) Nicotine C) Pilocarpine D) Hydrastis 287. The coffee family belongs to what type of alkaloidal family? A) Pyridine-piperidine B) Tropane C) Quinoline D) Purine 288. Which of the following statements is true regarding decaffeinized coffee? A) It normally contains 0.08% of caffeine. B) It normally contains 0.8% of caffeine. C) It has a higher price than ordinary caffeine. D) Both A and C E) Both B and C 289. Which of the following statements regarding pilocarpine is true? A) It is an imidazole alkaloid B) Cholinergic drug used in the treatment of glaucoma C) Mydriatic D) All of the above E) A and B only 290. Which of the following statements is correct about gingko? A) Contraindicated in diabetes and pregnancy B) Has a drug-herb interaction with USA Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 51  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY C) Toxic effects include hypertension and cardiac arrest D) Has a drug-lab interaction with phenelzine 291. Which of the following ergot alkaloids is a component of Hydergine®? A) Ergonovine maleate B) Methylergonovine maleate C) Ergotamine tartrate D) Ergotoxine 292. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding ephedrine? A) It is a component of a topical OTC preparation B) It is a cholinomimetic agent that stimulates alpha and beta receptors. C) It is an example of a steroidal alkaloid. D) It is an example of a purine base. 293. Theophylline, prepared from the leaves and leaf buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) is an example of a purine base alkaloid. Which of the following statements is correct? A) Its astringent property is due to tannin content. B) It has smooth muscle relaxant property. C) It causes urinary retention D) Only A and B 294. Which of the following statements is true regarding theobromine? A) It is known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine B) It has little stimulant action on the central nervous system C) It is preferred over caffeine in the treatment of cardiac edema D) A and B E) B and C 295. What do you call the active principle of poison ivy, Toxicondendron species, which may cause dermatitis upon penetration of the epidermis of the skin? A) Abrin B) Uroshiol C) Undecylinic acid D) Ursolic acid Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 52  PHARMACOGNOSY & PLANT CHEMISTRY 296. The scientific name of lagundi is A) Vitex negundo B) Momordica charantia C) Blumea balsamifera D) Artocarpus heterophyllys 297. The approved therapeutic use of lagundi. A) Antidiarrheal B) Remedy for asthma and cough relief C) Hypoglycemic D) Relief of stomachaches 298. Sambong is used as A) Analgesic B) Diuretic C) Anthelmintic D) Stimulant 299. Which of the following has been linked to high rates or oral and esophageal cancer? A) Camellia sinepsis B) Quercus infectoria C) Areca catechu D) Blumea balsimefera 300. Which of the following is the carcinogenic constituent found in “nganga”? A) Tannin B) Glycoside C) Alkaloid D) Volatile Oil Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) 53