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Questions and Answers
What does the term pharmacognosy refer to?
What does the term pharmacognosy refer to?
Medicinal plants cannot have therapeutic effects.
Medicinal plants cannot have therapeutic effects.
False
Name one primary metabolite found in medicinal plants.
Name one primary metabolite found in medicinal plants.
Starch grains
Pharmacognosy is derived from the Greek words 'Pharmacon' and _____ which mean 'a drug' and 'to acquire knowledge', respectively.
Pharmacognosy is derived from the Greek words 'Pharmacon' and _____ which mean 'a drug' and 'to acquire knowledge', respectively.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of vascular tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a type of vascular tissue?
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Match the following plant classifications with their descriptions:
Match the following plant classifications with their descriptions:
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What are some families of Angiosperms that yield phytopharmaceuticals?
What are some families of Angiosperms that yield phytopharmaceuticals?
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The epidermis is part of the vascular tissue in plants.
The epidermis is part of the vascular tissue in plants.
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What are unofficial drugs?
What are unofficial drugs?
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Indigenous plants grow in regions other than their native habitats.
Indigenous plants grow in regions other than their native habitats.
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What is the role of water in plant growth?
What is the role of water in plant growth?
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The _______ contains a listing of all official drugs along with their effects and directions for use.
The _______ contains a listing of all official drugs along with their effects and directions for use.
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Match the following factors with their influences on plant growth:
Match the following factors with their influences on plant growth:
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the active constituents in plants?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the active constituents in plants?
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Environmental conditions do not impact the nature and amount of active constituents in plants.
Environmental conditions do not impact the nature and amount of active constituents in plants.
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List one type of drug recognized by a governmental book.
List one type of drug recognized by a governmental book.
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What effect does light have on the alkaloid content of Belladonna?
What effect does light have on the alkaloid content of Belladonna?
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Altitude does not affect the formation of active constituents in plants.
Altitude does not affect the formation of active constituents in plants.
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What are the three basic characteristics of soils?
What are the three basic characteristics of soils?
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Plants require main nutrients such as N, P, and K, which are also known as ________ elements.
Plants require main nutrients such as N, P, and K, which are also known as ________ elements.
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Match each nutrient type with its description:
Match each nutrient type with its description:
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Which of the following is classified as a microelement?
Which of the following is classified as a microelement?
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Cinchona produces alkaloids more effectively at low altitudes.
Cinchona produces alkaloids more effectively at low altitudes.
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Name one growth inhibitor from the group of plant growth regulators.
Name one growth inhibitor from the group of plant growth regulators.
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What is a common method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs?
What is a common method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs?
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Fumigation of drugs eliminates both insects and their eggs.
Fumigation of drugs eliminates both insects and their eggs.
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What is the purpose of using alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.)?
What is the purpose of using alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.)?
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Adulteration is the ______ of any article.
Adulteration is the ______ of any article.
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Which method of insect control is most suitable as it kills all stages of insects?
Which method of insect control is most suitable as it kills all stages of insects?
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Match the types of adulteration with their definitions:
Match the types of adulteration with their definitions:
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The presence of filth from rodents indicates that drugs should be accepted for storage.
The presence of filth from rodents indicates that drugs should be accepted for storage.
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What is defined as true adulteration in crude drugs?
What is defined as true adulteration in crude drugs?
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Which type of glandular hair is characterized by having a uniseriate stalk?
Which type of glandular hair is characterized by having a uniseriate stalk?
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Bean or kidney-shaped guard cells are found in monocot plants.
Bean or kidney-shaped guard cells are found in monocot plants.
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What are stomata responsible for?
What are stomata responsible for?
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The shape of guard cells that is typically found in monocot plants is called _______ shaped.
The shape of guard cells that is typically found in monocot plants is called _______ shaped.
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Match the types of stomata in dicot plants with their characteristics:
Match the types of stomata in dicot plants with their characteristics:
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Which glandular hair is characteristic of the Solanaceae family?
Which glandular hair is characteristic of the Solanaceae family?
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Stomata are found only on the leaves of plants.
Stomata are found only on the leaves of plants.
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Give an example of a plant that has diacytic stomata.
Give an example of a plant that has diacytic stomata.
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Study Notes
Pharmacognosy
- Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and their uses.
- Pharmacon means 'a drug' and gnosis means 'to acquire knowledge'.
- Primary metabolite is a substance produced by an organism, usually during the normal processes of metabolism, not for a specific function. Examples include sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
- Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of different cell types. Examples are xylem, phloem, and cambium.
- Unofficial drugs are drugs not recognized by a government or other official body.
Plant Classification
- Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits.
- Families of Angiosperms that yield phytopharmaceuticals: Solanaceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Papaveraceae, and Compositae.
- Epidermis is the outermost layer of cells covering the plant, not part of the vascular tissue.
- Indigenous plants grow in their native habitats.
Plant Growth Factors
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Water plays an important role in plant growth:
- Transportation of nutrients.
- Maintaining turgidity.
- Photosynthesis.
- Light affects the formation of active constituents in Belladonna, a poisonous plant.
- Altitude impacts the formation of active constituents in plants. Higher altitudes lead to plants producing more alkaloids, which have medicinal properties.
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Soil characteristics influence plant growth:
- Texture: How big or small the particles are.
- Structure: How the soil particles are arranged.
- Composition: What the soil is made of.
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Main nutrient elements: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).
- Nitrogen: promotes growth and development.
- Phosphorus: supports root growth and development.
- Potassium: regulates water balance and photosynthesis.
- Microelements: micronutrients, such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine. They are essential for plant growth and development. They are present in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients.
Controlling Insects
- Fumigation is the most suitable method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs, as it kills all stages of insects.
- Alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.) is a chemical used as a rodenticide.
- Adulteration is the contamination of a substance with another substance.
- True adulteration is the deliberate addition of inferior or cheaper materials to drugs.
Plant Anatomy
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Glandular hairs can be:
- Uniseriate: Consists of a single row of cells.
- Stomata are pores on the surface of leaves that help regulate gas exchange.
- Bean or kidney-shaped guard cells are found in monocot plants.
-
Stomata in dicot plants:
- Anomocytic: No special arrangement of subsidiary cells.
- Paracytic: Subsidiary cells that are parallel to the guard cells.
- Diacyctic: Subsidiary cells that are perpendicular to the guard cells.
- Diacytic stomata are characteristic of the Solanaceae family (like Belladonna).
- Stomata are not only found on the leaves, but also on stems and other plant parts.
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Description
Test your knowledge of pharmacognosy, the study of medicinal plants and their effects. This quiz covers essential concepts, plant classifications, and the role of various factors in plant growth. Challenge yourself to identify key components and clarify misconceptions in pharmacognosy.
