Pharmacognosy Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the term pharmacognosy refer to?

  • The study of natural substances with medicinal properties (correct)
  • The study of soil health
  • The study of animal physiology
  • The study of plant taxonomy

Medicinal plants cannot have therapeutic effects.

False (B)

Name one primary metabolite found in medicinal plants.

Starch grains

Pharmacognosy is derived from the Greek words 'Pharmacon' and _____ which mean 'a drug' and 'to acquire knowledge', respectively.

<p>Gnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of vascular tissue?

<p>Collenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant classifications with their descriptions:

<p>Gymnosperms = Plants with seeds not enclosed in an ovary Angiosperms = Plants with seeds enclosed in an ovary Monocotyledons = Plants with one seed leaf Dicotyledons = Plants with two seed leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some families of Angiosperms that yield phytopharmaceuticals?

<p>Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Leguminoseae</p> Signup and view all the answers

The epidermis is part of the vascular tissue in plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are unofficial drugs?

<p>Drugs not listed in a recognized governmental book (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indigenous plants grow in regions other than their native habitats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in plant growth?

<p>Water is essential for biological reactions, movement of minerals, makes up a large part of protoplasm, and regulates temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ contains a listing of all official drugs along with their effects and directions for use.

<p>Pharmacopoeia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their influences on plant growth:

<p>Temperature = Controls growth conditions based on climate type Light = Essential for photosynthesis Soil = Provides nutrients and anchorage Water = Vital for biological reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the active constituents in plants?

<p>Color of the plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental conditions do not impact the nature and amount of active constituents in plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one type of drug recognized by a governmental book.

<p>Official drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does light have on the alkaloid content of Belladonna?

<p>Increases alkaloid content in full sunshine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Altitude does not affect the formation of active constituents in plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic characteristics of soils?

<p>Physical, chemical, and microbiological properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants require main nutrients such as N, P, and K, which are also known as ________ elements.

<p>macro</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each nutrient type with its description:

<p>Main nutrients = Needed in large amounts Active elements = Sufficient amounts found in seed coat Microelements = Needed in very small amounts Inactive elements = Required only by certain plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a microelement?

<p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cinchona produces alkaloids more effectively at low altitudes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one growth inhibitor from the group of plant growth regulators.

<p>Abscisic acid or Ethylene gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs?

<p>Heat treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fumigation of drugs eliminates both insects and their eggs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.)?

<p>To eliminate rats and mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adulteration is the ______ of any article.

<p>debasement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of insect control is most suitable as it kills all stages of insects?

<p>Low temperature storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of adulteration with their definitions:

<p>Sophistication = Addition of inferior material with intent to defraud Substitution = Using an entirely different article instead of the required drug Admixture = Combining two or more materials regardless of quality Deterioration = Reduction in quality due to age or improper handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of filth from rodents indicates that drugs should be accepted for storage.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as true adulteration in crude drugs?

<p>Sophistication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glandular hair is characterized by having a uniseriate stalk?

<p>Digitalis hair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bean or kidney-shaped guard cells are found in monocot plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stomata responsible for?

<p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

The shape of guard cells that is typically found in monocot plants is called _______ shaped.

<p>Dumbbell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of stomata in dicot plants with their characteristics:

<p>Paracytic = Two subsidiary cells parallel to guard cells Diacytic = Two subsidiary cells perpendicular to guard cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glandular hair is characteristic of the Solanaceae family?

<p>Clavate hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stomata are found only on the leaves of plants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a plant that has diacytic stomata.

<p>Mentha</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharmacognosy

The study of medicinal plants and their uses.

Pharmacon

A term meaning 'a drug'.

Gnosis

A term meaning 'to acquire knowledge'.

Primary metabolite

Substance produced during normal metabolism, not for a specific function.

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Vascular tissue

A complex conducting tissue formed of different cell types in plants.

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Unofficial drugs

Drugs not recognized by government or official bodies.

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Angiosperms

Plants that produce flowers and fruits.

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Phytopharmaceutical families

Families of angiosperms yielding medicinal products.

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Epidermis

The outermost layer of cells covering a plant.

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Indigenous plants

Plants growing in their native habitats.

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Water's role in plant growth

Essential for nutrient transport, turgidity, and photosynthesis.

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Light's effect on plants

Influences the formation of active constituents in plants like Belladonna.

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Altitude impact on plants

Higher altitudes increase alkaloid production in plants.

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Soil characteristics

Influences plant growth through texture, structure, and composition.

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Main nutrient elements

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium vital for plant health.

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Nitrogen's role

Promotes growth and development in plants.

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Phosphorus's role

Supports root growth and development.

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Potassium's role

Regulates water balance and photosynthesis in plants.

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Microelements

Essential micronutrients needed in small quantities for plant growth.

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Fumigation

A method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs.

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Alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.)

A chemical used as a rodenticide.

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Adulteration

Contamination of a substance with another substance.

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True adulteration

Deliberate addition of inferior or cheaper materials to drugs.

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Glandular hairs

Hair-like structures that can produce secretions.

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Stomata

Pores on leaves regulating gas exchange.

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Guard cells

Bean or kidney-shaped cells that surround stomata in monocots.

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Anomocytic stomata

Stomata without special arrangement of subsidiary cells.

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Paracytic stomata

Stomata with subsidiary cells parallel to guard cells.

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Diacytic stomata

Stomata with subsidiary cells perpendicular to guard cells.

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Diacytic stomata in Solanaceae

Characteristic type of stomata found in the Solanaceae family.

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Location of stomata

Stomata found on leaves, stems, and other plant parts.

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Study Notes

Pharmacognosy

  • Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and their uses.
  • Pharmacon means 'a drug' and gnosis means 'to acquire knowledge'.
  • Primary metabolite is a substance produced by an organism, usually during the normal processes of metabolism, not for a specific function. Examples include sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
  • Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of different cell types. Examples are xylem, phloem, and cambium.
  • Unofficial drugs are drugs not recognized by a government or other official body.

Plant Classification

  • Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits.
  • Families of Angiosperms that yield phytopharmaceuticals: Solanaceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Papaveraceae, and Compositae.
  • Epidermis is the outermost layer of cells covering the plant, not part of the vascular tissue.
  • Indigenous plants grow in their native habitats.

Plant Growth Factors

  • Water plays an important role in plant growth:
    • Transportation of nutrients.
    • Maintaining turgidity.
    • Photosynthesis.
  • Light affects the formation of active constituents in Belladonna, a poisonous plant.
  • Altitude impacts the formation of active constituents in plants. Higher altitudes lead to plants producing more alkaloids, which have medicinal properties.
  • Soil characteristics influence plant growth:
    • Texture: How big or small the particles are.
    • Structure: How the soil particles are arranged.
    • Composition: What the soil is made of.
  • Main nutrient elements: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K).
    • Nitrogen: promotes growth and development.
    • Phosphorus: supports root growth and development.
    • Potassium: regulates water balance and photosynthesis.
  • Microelements: micronutrients, such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine. They are essential for plant growth and development. They are present in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients.

Controlling Insects

  • Fumigation is the most suitable method for controlling insect infestations in crude drugs, as it kills all stages of insects.
  • Alpha naphthyl thiourea (A.N.T.U.) is a chemical used as a rodenticide.
  • Adulteration is the contamination of a substance with another substance.
  • True adulteration is the deliberate addition of inferior or cheaper materials to drugs.

Plant Anatomy

  • Glandular hairs can be:
    • Uniseriate: Consists of a single row of cells.
  • Stomata are pores on the surface of leaves that help regulate gas exchange.
  • Bean or kidney-shaped guard cells are found in monocot plants.
  • Stomata in dicot plants:
    • Anomocytic: No special arrangement of subsidiary cells.
    • Paracytic: Subsidiary cells that are parallel to the guard cells.
    • Diacyctic: Subsidiary cells that are perpendicular to the guard cells.
  • Diacytic stomata are characteristic of the Solanaceae family (like Belladonna).
  • Stomata are not only found on the leaves, but also on stems and other plant parts.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pharmacognosy, the study of medicinal plants and their effects. This quiz covers essential concepts, plant classifications, and the role of various factors in plant growth. Challenge yourself to identify key components and clarify misconceptions in pharmacognosy.

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