33 Questions
What is the primary function of Signal Transduction Pathways?
To signal proliferation or apoptosis
Which of the following oncogenes is involved in breast cancer?
CDK4
What is the consequence of affecting Apoptotic or Self-Death Pathways?
Cells become potentially immortal
What is the classification of the oncogene c-src?
Intracellular Transducer
Which of the following oncogenes is involved in colorectal cancer?
BRAF
What is the classification of the oncogene myc?
DNA-binding Nuclear Protein
What is the result of activation of executioner caspases?
Defragmentation of DNA and cell death
How do cancer cells escape cell death?
By increasing expression of anti-apoptotic regulators and losing p53 tumor suppressor function
What is the purpose of telomeres in normal cells?
To act as chromosomal caps and protect the end of chromosomes
What is the result of shortened telomeres in normal cells?
Losing the ability to protect the end of chromosomes
What is the role of initiator caspases?
To signal the production of executor caspases
What enables cancer cells to grow and proliferate?
Enabling replicative immortality
What is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?
Being obese
What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
What is a characteristic that facilitates the acquisition of hallmark capabilities in cancer cells?
Genome instability
What is a risk reduction strategy for colon and breast cancer?
Greater physical activity
What type of cells do cancer cells attract that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark capabilities?
Cells of the innate immune system
What is a characteristic of people who are more likely to develop breast cancer?
They are obese
What is the increased risk of colorectal cancer in obese individuals?
30%
What is a consequence of cancer cells not having the concept of crowding?
Tumor cells continue to grow and pile up, forming a large tumor
Who first described the 8 hallmarks of cancer?
Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg
What is the percentage of cervical cancer caused by HPV infection?
95%
What is the purpose of the 8 hallmarks of cancer?
To simplify the factors necessary for cancer to propagate and identify target areas for treatment
What is the result of genome instability in cancer cells?
Gene mutations that contribute to multiple hallmarks
What should answers about cancer treatment be based on?
Historical data, biostatistics, and patient lifespan
What is a possible consequence of consuming high amounts of meat?
Increased inflammation and cancer risk
How does a diet rich in vegetables and nuts affect bowel movement?
It leads to more regular and healthy bowel movement
Do all patients go through the Kubler-Ross stages of grief in the same way?
Some people skip certain stages, while others dwell on them
What determines how fast cancer cells spread to the brain?
The type, grade, and aggressiveness of the cancer
What is the main benefit of antioxidants like MX3 for cancer prevention?
They prevent oxidative damage to genes
How important is a patient's support system in their response to cancer treatment?
It has a significant impact on their response to treatment
What should healthcare providers consider when providing information to patients?
The patient's readiness to accept the information
What is a potential risk factor for cancer development?
Consuming high amounts of trans fat and hormones
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
