Biochemistry LE 6: Oncogene

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What is the primary function of Signal Transduction Pathways?

To initiate apoptotic pathways

To regulate the cell cycle

To signal proliferation or apoptosis (correct)

To inhibit DNA-binding nuclear proteins

Which of the following oncogenes is involved in breast cancer?

RAS

PI3

BRAF

CDK4 (correct)

What is the consequence of affecting Apoptotic or Self-Death Pathways?

Cells undergo rapid proliferation

Cells become potentially immortal (correct)

Cells become more susceptible to cancer

Cells undergo rapid differentiation

What is the classification of the oncogene c-src?

Intracellular Transducer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oncogenes is involved in colorectal cancer?

BRAF Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of the oncogene myc?

DNA-binding Nuclear Protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of activation of executioner caspases?

Defragmentation of DNA and cell death Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells escape cell death?

By increasing expression of anti-apoptotic regulators and losing p53 tumor suppressor function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of telomeres in normal cells?

To act as chromosomal caps and protect the end of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of shortened telomeres in normal cells?

Losing the ability to protect the end of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of initiator caspases?

To signal the production of executor caspases Signup and view all the answers

What enables cancer cells to grow and proliferate?

Enabling replicative immortality Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for colorectal cancer?

Being obese Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that facilitates the acquisition of hallmark capabilities in cancer cells?

Genome instability Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk reduction strategy for colon and breast cancer?

Greater physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do cancer cells attract that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark capabilities?

Cells of the innate immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people who are more likely to develop breast cancer?

They are obese Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk of colorectal cancer in obese individuals?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of cancer cells not having the concept of crowding?

Tumor cells continue to grow and pile up, forming a large tumor Signup and view all the answers

Who first described the 8 hallmarks of cancer?

Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of cervical cancer caused by HPV infection?

95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 8 hallmarks of cancer?

To simplify the factors necessary for cancer to propagate and identify target areas for treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genome instability in cancer cells?

Gene mutations that contribute to multiple hallmarks Signup and view all the answers

What should answers about cancer treatment be based on?

Historical data, biostatistics, and patient lifespan Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of consuming high amounts of meat?

Increased inflammation and cancer risk Signup and view all the answers

How does a diet rich in vegetables and nuts affect bowel movement?

It leads to more regular and healthy bowel movement Signup and view all the answers

Do all patients go through the Kubler-Ross stages of grief in the same way?

Some people skip certain stages, while others dwell on them Signup and view all the answers

What determines how fast cancer cells spread to the brain?

The type, grade, and aggressiveness of the cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of antioxidants like MX3 for cancer prevention?

They prevent oxidative damage to genes Signup and view all the answers

How important is a patient's support system in their response to cancer treatment?

It has a significant impact on their response to treatment Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers consider when providing information to patients?

The patient's readiness to accept the information Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for cancer development?

Consuming high amounts of trans fat and hormones Signup and view all the answers