20 Questions
What is the function of proto-oncogenes?
Promote cell growth and division
How do proto-oncogenes transform into oncogenes?
Through structural mutations and abnormal expression
What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?
Production of hyperactive or overexpressed protein
Which signaling pathway involves the activation of the Ras protein?
RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway
What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?
Point mutations in ras oncogenes
What is the main effect of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?
Phosphorylating transcription factors
How can oncogenes be activated via chromosomal translocations?
By being moved from their normal location to a new one on the chromosome
Which gene is translocated to form Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?
ABL
What is the main consequence of viral integration into the host cell's DNA?
Activating nearby oncogenes
What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?
Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase receptor
What is the main function of proto-oncogenes?
Encoding proteins for normal cellular functions
How do proto-oncogenes differ from oncogenes?
They undergo structural mutations and abnormal expression
Which gene translocation forms Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?
ABL1
What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?
Point mutation in ras oncogenes
What is the initial step in MAP kinase signaling from growth factor receptors?
Activation of the GTP binding protein Ras protein
What is the main consequence of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?
Altered gene expression
How are proto-oncogenes commonly activated to oncogenes?
Chromosomal translocations
What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?
Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor
What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?
Chromosomal translocation
What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?
Production of a fusion protein with abnormal function
Explore the concepts of proto-oncogenes, their normal function in cellular processes, and the mutation and activation that can lead to their transformation into oncogenes, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Understand the role of these genes in promoting cell growth, division, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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