Proto-oncogenes and Oncogenes
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of proto-oncogenes?

  • Cause abnormal protein expression
  • Inhibit apoptosis
  • Suppress cell differentiation
  • Promote cell growth and division (correct)

    • How do proto-oncogenes transform into oncogenes?

  • By decreasing the production of corresponding proteins
  • Through structural mutations and abnormal expression (correct)
  • By triggering apoptosis
  • By reducing cell proliferation

    • What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?

  • Production of hyperactive or overexpressed protein (correct)
  • Inhibition of protein production
  • Enhanced apoptosis
  • Suppression of cell growth

    • Which signaling pathway involves the activation of the Ras protein?

    <p>RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

    <p>Point mutations in ras oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?

    <p>Phosphorylating transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can oncogenes be activated via chromosomal translocations?

    <p>By being moved from their normal location to a new one on the chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is translocated to form Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>ABL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of viral integration into the host cell's DNA?

    <p>Activating nearby oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?

    <p>Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proto-oncogenes?

    <p>Encoding proteins for normal cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proto-oncogenes differ from oncogenes?

    <p>They undergo structural mutations and abnormal expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene translocation forms Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>ABL1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

    <p>Point mutation in ras oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in MAP kinase signaling from growth factor receptors?

    <p>Activation of the GTP binding protein Ras protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?

    <p>Altered gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are proto-oncogenes commonly activated to oncogenes?

    <p>Chromosomal translocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?

    <p>Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

    <p>Chromosomal translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?

    <p>Production of a fusion protein with abnormal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

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