Proto-oncogenes and Oncogenes
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of proto-oncogenes?

  • Cause abnormal protein expression
  • Inhibit apoptosis
  • Suppress cell differentiation
  • Promote cell growth and division (correct)

How do proto-oncogenes transform into oncogenes?

  • By decreasing the production of corresponding proteins
  • Through structural mutations and abnormal expression (correct)
  • By triggering apoptosis
  • By reducing cell proliferation

What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?

  • Production of hyperactive or overexpressed protein (correct)
  • Inhibition of protein production
  • Enhanced apoptosis
  • Suppression of cell growth

Which signaling pathway involves the activation of the Ras protein?

<p>RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

<p>Point mutations in ras oncogenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?

<p>Phosphorylating transcription factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can oncogenes be activated via chromosomal translocations?

<p>By being moved from their normal location to a new one on the chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is translocated to form Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?

<p>ABL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of viral integration into the host cell's DNA?

<p>Activating nearby oncogenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?

<p>Inhibiting the tyrosine kinase receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proto-oncogenes?

<p>Encoding proteins for normal cellular functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proto-oncogenes differ from oncogenes?

<p>They undergo structural mutations and abnormal expression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene translocation forms Bcr/Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia?

<p>ABL1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

<p>Point mutation in ras oncogenes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in MAP kinase signaling from growth factor receptors?

<p>Activation of the GTP binding protein Ras protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of activated ERK translocating to the nucleus?

<p>Altered gene expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are proto-oncogenes commonly activated to oncogenes?

<p>Chromosomal translocations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Imatinib in relation to mutated leukemic cells?

<p>Inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the transforming activity of the rasH oncogene detected in bladder carcinoma DNA?

<p>Chromosomal translocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from changes in the DNA sequence of an oncogene?

<p>Production of a fusion protein with abnormal function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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