Nutrition and Micronutrients Quiz
30 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which micronutrient deficiency leads to anemia?

  • Zinc
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin C
  • Iron (correct)

    • Calcium supplements are the best type of multivitamin for everyone.

    False

    What are two common micronutrients that children aged 6 – 23 months may be deficient in?

    Vitamin A and iron

    The ________ measurement tests the physiologic role of a specific nutrient within a certain metabolic process.

    <p>functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vitamins with their associated deficiencies

    <p>Vitamin A = Night blindness Iron = Anemia Calcium = Bone density loss Folic Acid = Neural tube defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is best taken with food?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static measurement assesses nutrient concentration in biological samples.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cognitive enhancer commonly referred to as?

    <p>Nootropic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ Administrative Order outlines guidelines for the implementation of the Nutrition Care Process in hospitals.

    <p>DOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is TRUE regarding the intake of multivitamin supplements?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional measurement of Vitamin D levels?

    <p>Calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive exposure to sunlight can lead to Vitamin D toxicity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one condition that can occur due to Vitamin D toxicity.

    <p>Calcinosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main role of Vitamin D is to increase intestinal absorption of __________.

    <p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Vitamin D metabolites with their functions:

    <p>Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol = Static measurement of Vitamin D Serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol = Active metabolite in kidney Calcitriol = Reduces own synthesis Parathyroid Hormone = Regulates calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Vitamin D toxicity?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin A is measured through serum retinol and retinol binding protein.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to assess functional Vitamin D levels?

    <p>Parathyroid Hormone measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin D deficiency can result in __________ bone mineral mobilization.

    <p>increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the synthesis of Calcitriol when levels are high?

    <p>Synthesis is decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Vitamin E in the body?

    <p>Major lipid-soluble antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin K is involved in the synthesis of gamma carboxyglutamate residues, which are important for blood clotting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin ____ is essential for the formation of collagen and acts as a coenzyme in hydroxylation reactions.

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the vitamins with their respective functions:

    <p>Vitamin B1 = Coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylation Vitamin B2 = Active coenzyme forms FMN and FAD Vitamin B3 = Synthesis from tryptophan Vitamin B6 = Important in amino acid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is synthesized only by microorganisms and is found mainly in animal foods?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All water-soluble vitamins are known to have high toxicities due to labile metabolic stores.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the static measurement method for assessing Vitamin B9 (Folate) levels?

    <p>Red blood cell indices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin _____ is required for the synthesis of carnitine.

    <p>B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to methylmalonyl CoA in the presence of Vitamin B12?

    <p>It undergoes rearrangement to Succinyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Micronutrient Deficiency in the Philippines

    • The 2013 National Nutrition Survey revealed deficiencies in iron, iodine, vitamin A, and folic acid.
    • A 2008 survey found Filipino women had low daily consumption of foods containing folic acid, such as legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
    • The data from the 2008 survey is now more than a decade old, raising concerns.

    Micronutrient Gap Study 2023

    • Micronutrient deficiencies in children aged 6-23 months include vitamin A, iron, calcium, and zinc.

    Questions About Vitamins

    • When is the best time to take vitamins?
    • Which vitamin is best taken with food?
    • Is there a difference between men's and women's multivitamins?
    • Which multivitamin type is best?

    Statement About Multivitamin Supplement Intake

    • A true statement is taking multivitamin supplements can reduce the risk of heart attack survivors' deaths.
    • It can also reduce the risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer.

    Methods of Biochemical Assessment

    • Static measurement: Measures specific nutrient concentrations in bodily fluids (hair, skin, nails).
    • Functional measurement: Evaluates the role of specific nutrients in metabolic processes (abnormal metabolic products).

    The Nutrition Care Process Model

    • The model involves screening and referral, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition monitoring and evaluation, nutrition intervention, and documentation.

    Sample Nutrition Care Algorithm in Hospitals

    • Upon admission, patients are screened for nutritional risk.
    • Patients not at risk continue inpatient care, while those at risk have development of a nutrition care plan.
    • The plan is implemented, and the patient monitored until goals are achieved or therapy is terminated.

    Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE): Skin

    • Paleness and poor wound healing may indicate deficiencies in iron, protein, zinc, vitamins C and A.
    • Xerosis and other skin conditions might indicate vitamin A deficiency.
    • Dermatitis and pellagrous dermatitis could be signs of zinc or essential fatty acid deficiencies.

    Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE): Nails

    • Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) suggests iron deficiency or protein issues.
    • Lackluster, mottled, or pale nails can be related to vitamin deficiencies (A & C).
    • Flaky nails can be a sign of deficiencies in magnesium and selenium.

    Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam (NFPE): Hair

    • Easily plucked, thin, sparse, and lackluster hair may indicate deficiencies in protein and essential fatty acids.
    • Corkscrew hair in the elderly could indicate copper or vitamin C deficiency.
    • Depigmented hair suggests protein deficiency.

    Micronutrient Deficiency Leading to Anemia

    • Iron deficiency leads to anemia.

    What is Your Diagnosis? (Images)

    • Images of skin, teeth, and other body parts are shown to determine possible conditions caused by micronutrient deficiencies.

    What Does a Nootropic Do?

    • A nootropic enhances cognitive function.

    Best Type of Calcium Supplement

    • This question is left unanswered in the provided information.

    Best Type of Iron Supplement

    • This question remains unanswered in the provided text.

    Have you taken Niacinamide Recently?

    • The presentation displays possible niacinamide/NAD supplements.

    Energy Drinks and Liquid Death

    • These two brands of beverages are displayed. Information that is relevant, if any, is missing.

    Vitamin A

    • Static Measurement: Serum retinol, retinol-binding protein, breast milk retinol, retinol dose response
    • Functional Measurement: Conjunctival impression cytology, anemia

    Vitamin D

    • Static Measurement: Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
    • Functional Measurement: Parathyroid hormone

    Vitamin D Deficiency

    • Rickets: Knock knees, bow legs, epiphyseal abnormalities.
    • Other Symptoms: Swollen, painful joints and dwarfism/hypogonadism may be associated with nutrient deficiencies.

    Vitamin D Toxicity

    • Susceptibility to vitamin D toxicity can lead to contracted blood vessels, high blood pressure, and soft tissue calcification.

    Vitamin E

    • Static Measurement: Serum alpha-tocopherol, tissue tocopherol
    • Functional Measurement: Erythrocyte hemolysis test, malondialdehyde ratio

    Vitamin E (Functions)

    • Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant in cell membranes and plasma.
    • It reacts with lipid peroxide radicals to form stable compounds, protecting cells.
    • Premature infants with insufficient reserves can have fragile red blood cells (RBC) and hemolytic anemia.

    Vitamin K

    • Static Measurement: Phylloquinone or menaquinone measurement
    • Functional Measurement: Prothrombin time

    Vitamin K (Function)

    • Vitamin K is involved in blood clotting by carboxylating clotting factors.
    • It's essential for binding to cell membranes.
    • A deficiency or warfarin use may necessitate reducing foods rich in Vitamin K.

    Water-Soluble Vitamins

    • Function mainly as enzyme cofactors
    • Deficiencies of single water-soluble vitamins are uncommon.
    • Toxicities are rare due to rapid elimination.

    Myer's Cocktail

    • This is an intravenous vitamin therapy.

    Reading (In Between) the Labels (Nutrition Facts)

    • Displays nutrition facts for two beverages, likely energy drinks, including calorie count, sugars, vitamins, and other nutritional details.

    Vitamin C

    • Static Measurement: Serum ascorbic acid, leukocyte ascorbic acid, urinary excretion of ascorbic acid.
    • Functional Measurement: None commonly used.
    • Vitamin C functions as an antioxidant. It's essential in hydroxylation reactions for collagen and catecholamine production, as well as tyrosine degradation.

    Vitamin C as Coenzyme for Hydroxylases

    • Various hydroxylases, requiring Vitamin C, are crucial for synthesis and modification of proteins like collagen, osteocalcin, and protein C precursors.

    Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

    • Static Measurement: Erythrocyte or whole blood thiamine, urinary excretion of thiamine, thiamine load test.
    • Functional Measurement: Erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient.

    Thiamine Diphosphate

    • Aids oxidative decarboxylation reactions and acts as a coenzyme for transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway.

    Thiamine Deficiency: Beriberi

    • Symptoms include peripheral neuritis, shoshin beriberi, Wernicke encephalopathy, and Korsakoff psychosis.
    • Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency can lead to lactic acidosis.

    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

    • Static Measurement: Blood riboflavin, urinary excretion of riboflavin, riboflavin load test.
    • Functional Measurement: Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient.
    • FMN & FAD are active coenzyme forms for redox reactions. Deficiency results in widespread, non fatal conditions like cheilosis, desquamation, and seborrheic dermatitis.

    Vitamin B3 (Niacin)

    • Static Measurement: Blood niacin, urinary N-methyl nicotinamide & N-methyl-2-pyridine, niacin load test.
    • Functional Measurement: None.
    • It is not strictly a vitamin because it can be synthesized from tryptophan.

    Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

    • Static Measurement: Plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate, urinary Vitamin B6, urinary 4-pyridoxic acid, tryptophan load tests, methionine load test
    • Functional Measurement: Erythrocyte aminotransferase stimulation activity coefficient.

    Vitamin B9 (Folate)

    • Static Measurement: Red blood cell indices, Serum folate, Erythrocyte folate, Neutrophil lobe count, histidine load test
    • Functional measurement: Serum homocysteine.

    Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

    • Static Measurement: Serum Vitamin B12, Erythrocyte Vitamin B12, Serum holotranscobalamin II
    • Functional Measurement: Serum methylmalonic acid, Urinary methylmalonic acid, Deoxyuridine suppression test, Serum homocysteine.

    Vitamin B12 (Synthesis and Vegetarian Needs)

    • Vitamin B12 is produced only by microorganisms, primarily found in animal products.
    • Vegetarians need supplements to get enough Vitamin B12.

    Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Folate Trap

    • Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, methionine synthase are Vitamin B12 dependent enzymes.
    • Vitamin B12 absorption deficits lead to pernicious anemia.

    Macrominerals and Trace Elements (Categories and Requirements)

    • Macrominerals (amounts > 100 mg/day) and trace elements (amounts ~1-100 mg/day) and ultratrace elements (amounts < 1 mg/day) have significant roles in human health. Minerals are listed for each category.

    Iron

    • Static Measurement: Serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, UIBC or total iron binding capacity, serum iron, red cell indices.
    • Functional Measurement: Red blood cell indices, Serum iron, serum transferrin / hemoglobin/ hematocrit.

    Iron (Cellular Processes)

    • Iron is transported intracellularly by cellular transporters.
    • In the intestine, heme transporters and other transport proteins are involved in cellular uptake.

    Body Iron Compartments & Testing Parameters

    • Details of body iron compartment storage, circulation and functional states are provided.

    Zinc

    • Static Measurement: Serum Zinc, urinary zinc, hair zinc.
    • Functional Measurement: Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, Angiotensin-1, Cu-Zn-SOD.

    Iodine

    • Static Measurement: Urinary iodine excretion, serum thyroglobulin
    • Functional Measurement: Serum thyroxine & triiodothyronine, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (Thyroid functions)

    Selenium

    • Static Measurement: Plasma or whole blood selenium, hair selenium, nail selenium
    • Functional Measurement: Glutathione peroxidase activity.

    Calcium

    • Static Measurement: Serum total calcium, ionized calcium

    General Remarks (In summary)

    • The document contains details about identifying nutrition deficiencies, methods for assessing them and a summary of various vitamins and minerals.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Vitamins & Minerals PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on micronutrients and their role in health. This quiz covers essential vitamins, deficiencies, and the effects of nutritional supplements. Perfect for students and anyone interested in nutrition science.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser