Vitamins Overview Quiz

False (B)

Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)

<p>red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) = Energy metabolism Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) = Cell division Vitamin B3 (Niacin) = Nervous system health Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) = Fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>400 mcg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal sources and fortified foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folate = Prevention of neural tube defects Vitamin B12 = DNA &amp; RNA production Vitamin D = Calcium absorption Vitamin C = Antioxidant properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive use of sunscreen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vegans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fortification adds vitamins to foods that do not naturally contain them, while enrichment restores vitamins lost during processing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sufficient intake of essential nutrients to prevent deficiencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B9</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B1 = Energy metabolism Vitamin B2 = Antioxidant Vitamin B3 = DNA repair Vitamin B6 = Protein metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composition of the diet or food preparation method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of flour that has had some nutrients added back after processing removes bran and germ.

Flour made from the entire wheat kernel, retaining most of the nutrients.

A group of water-soluble vitamins important for energy metabolism and cell division.

A B vitamin crucial for red blood cell formation and tissue development, especially during pregnancy.

Birth defects affecting the brain or spinal cord, potentially caused by inadequate folate intake.

Canadian and American recommendations for nutrient requirements.

A type of neural tube defect that affects the spinal cord, possibly due to a folate deficiency.

Nutrient intake levels estimated to meet the needs of half of the healthy individuals in a specific group.

Vitamins that dissolve in water, are absorbed into the bloodstream, and are not stored in the body. They need to be consumed regularly.

Vitamins that dissolve in fat, are stored in the body, and are absorbed along with dietary fat.

The extent to which the body can absorb and use a nutrient. It is influenced by factors such as the type of food and the presence of other substances in the diet.

A nutrient that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from the diet.

A nutrient required in small amounts for the body to function properly.

A compound containing carbon atoms, usually associated with living organisms.

The harmful effects of consuming too much of a nutrient.

The maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to pose a health risk for most individuals.

A type of anemia caused by folate deficiency, characterized by abnormally large immature red blood cells (megaloblasts) that mature into abnormally large red blood cells (macrocytes). These macrocytes are less effective at carrying oxygen, resulting in anemia.

A lack of folate (folic acid) in the body, which can lead to megaloblastic anemia and other health issues, particularly during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in various bodily processes, including DNA & RNA production, myelin sheath formation on nerve fibers, bone metabolism, and energy metabolism, particularly of fatty acids.

Vitamin B12 is absorbed in a complex process involving stomach acid (HCl), pepsin, and intrinsic factor (IF) produced in the stomach. The elderly may have impaired absorption, requiring supplementation.

A lack of Vitamin B12, often caused by low intake (e.g., vegans) or inadequate absorption (e.g., elderly). Symptoms can include pernicious anemia, neural damage (numbness, tingling), and inflammation of the tongue and mouth.

Vitamin D is mainly produced in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. It then undergoes further modifications in the liver and kidneys to become active.

Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, promoting bone health, and influencing gene expression related to calcium absorption and bone metabolism.

A lack of sufficient Vitamin D, mainly due to inadequate sunlight exposure, reduced skin synthesis, or limited dietary intake. This deficiency can lead to rickets in children.