Neuroscience: Synaptic Transmission Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction?

  • Dopamine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Serotonin

    • Electrical synapses involve the release of neurotransmitters.

    False

    What are the structures in the postsynaptic membrane that bind neurotransmitters called?

    Receptors

    At the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine binds to __________ receptors.

    <p>acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of synaptic transmission with their functions:

    <p>Acetylcholine = Neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction Receptors = Mediates the effect of neurotransmitters Ligand = A molecule that binds to a receptor Conotropic = Fast pathway of signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can influence the receptor density in synaptic responses?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymatic degradation is one way to remove neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vesicles in synaptic transmission?

    <p>Vesicles store and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In synaptic transmission, a higher density of __________ can increase the postsynaptic response.

    <p>receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the synaptic components with their functions:

    <p>Neurotransmitter = Chemical messenger Receptor = Binds neurotransmitters Vesicle = Holds neurotransmitters Enzymatic degradation = Removes neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance fills the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Mucopolysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The width of the synaptic cleft is generally about 20 um.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft after they have performed their function?

    <p>They are enzymatically degraded and recycled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is the space between the presynaptic bouton and the postsynaptic receptor.

    <p>synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process helps maintain neurotransmitter concentration in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>Reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the process with its description:

    <p>Diffusion = The spreading of neurotransmitters away from the synaptic cleft. Reuptake = The absorption of neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron. Enzymatic degradation = The breakdown of neurotransmitters by specific enzymes. Neuroplasticity = The strengthening and formation of new synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuroplasticity refers to the weakening of synaptic connections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mucousy glue in the synaptic cleft?

    <p>It helps keep synapses together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acetylcholine receptor is classified as a metabotropic receptor?

    <p>mAChR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nAChR is a metabotropic receptor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does acetylcholine have on potassium conductance in cardiac cells?

    <p>It increases conductance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nicotiana tabacum is associated with the study of ________ receptors.

    <p>nicotine acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following receptors with their characteristics:

    <p>mAChR = Metabotropic response nAChR = Conotropic response Beta-receptor = G protein activated pathway Many-banded Krait venom = Antagonist of nicotine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of activating metabotropic receptors in cardiac action potential?

    <p>Decreased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antagonists of acetylcholine receptors can be used to paralyze muscles during surgery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What binds to Beta-receptors to actuate a G protein?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ effect is characterized by a calming response in the body, as opposed to the fight-or-flight response.

    <p>rest-digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common poison that acts as an antagonist to nicotine acetylcholine receptors?

    <p>Many-banded Krait venom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Acetylcholine (ACh) in the nervous system?

    <p>Mediating neurotransmitter signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serin gas is a type of acetylcholinesterase that enhances acetylcholine activity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system?

    <p>To degrade acetylcholine after its release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a biogenic amine that serves as a neurotransmitter.

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Acetylcholine = A neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction Atropine = A muscarinic antagonist used to counteract effects of ACh Choline = A precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase = Enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin made from castor beans inhibits acetylcholine activity?

    <p>Serin gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The immune system can affect acetylcholine receptors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one effect of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.

    <p>Increased muscle contraction or paralytic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ are receptors that mediate the actions of acetylcholine in the body.

    <p>Cholinergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cholinergic neurons when acetylcholine esterase is inhibited?

    <p>Their activity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant produces atropin, a substance that can block muscarinic receptors?

    <p>Belladonna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical synapses are mediated solely by ionotropic receptors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does atropin have on heart rate?

    <p>It increases heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SSRI stands for _______ inhibitors, which target serotonin uptake.

    <p>Selective Serotonin Reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of synapse with its characteristic:

    <p>Chemical Synapse = Mediated by neurotransmitter release Electrical Synapse = Direct electrical connection through gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of metabotropic receptors?

    <p>Activate signal transduction pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dopamine is the only neurotransmitter involved in mood disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does synaptic cleft refer to?

    <p>The gap between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium ions trigger the release of neurotransmitters from _____ vesicles.

    <p>synaptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the neurotransmitter to its associated disorder:

    <p>Serotonin = Depression Dopamine = Parkinson's Disease Norepinephrine = Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

    <p>Inhibit postsynaptic cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The postsynaptic potential is always excitatory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the recycling of neurotransmitter vesicles?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased concentrations of calcium ions inside the neuron trigger neurotransmitter _______.

    <p>release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electrical Synapses

    • Electrical synapses are characterized by a direct connection between cells, allowing for rapid transmission of signals
    • The connection is formed by gap junctions.
    • Gap junctions are composed of connexins.
    • Connexins assemble to form connexons.
    • Connexons are integral membrane proteins.
    • Connexons create a channel that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing ions to pass directly from one cell to the next.
    • Electrical synapses transmit signals by the direct flow of ions across the gap junction.

    Chemical Synapses (NMJ)

    • Chemical synapses utilize specialized signaling molecules called neurotransmitters to transmit electrical signals between neurons and other targeted cells.
    • In the neuromuscular junction, a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, the neurotransmitter is acetylcholine.
    • The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
    • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
    • Binding of neurotransmitter initiates a response in the postsynaptic cell.

    Acetylcholine Receptor

    • Acetylcholine receptors are crucial in vertebrate motor neurons.
    • These receptors are ligand-gated ion channels.
    • They are integral membrane proteins with 5 subunits.
    • The ligand binding site is on the extracellular part of the protein.
    • Each subunit has transmembrane domains with a minimum of two ligands binding sites.
    • The acetylcholine receptor is integral to neuromuscular junction function.
    • The receptor's structure is crucial to its function.
    • Freeze fracture images illustrated the structure.
    • The image shows distinct protein clusters.

    Agonists and Antagonists

    • Agonists initiate a response in a targeted cell by binding to a receptor.
    • Antagonists block a response by binding to a receptor.

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    Synapses 2024-25 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on synaptic transmission and the role of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction. This quiz covers key concepts such as receptor binding, the function of vesicles, and the factors affecting synaptic responses. Dive deep into the mechanisms of how signals are transmitted between neurons.

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