Lecture 5: Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters

What is the electrical motive force equation for the postsynaptic current at ionotropic receptors?

What is the reversal potential (ERev) for GABAergic synapses?

For glutamatergic synapses, what is the value of ERev?

What determines each ionic current at the receptor channel?

At what membrane potential could a glutamatergic synapse produce an IPSP?

What is the value of ENa for glutamatergic synapses?

What can change the polarity of an EPSP?

Which equation represents the ionic current for each receptor channel?

At what membrane potential could a GABAergic synapse produce an EPSP?

What are postsynaptic currents a sum of at ionotropic receptors?

Which neurotransmitter is synthetized in the endoplasmic reticulum and packed in the Golgi apparatus before being transported to nerve terminals?

What is the process by which vesicles release their content called?

In the context of neurotransmitter release, what is necessary for synaptic transmission?

What are the homologs of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in neurons?

What is the product of two factors that determine the amount of synaptic current (Isyn) at ionotropic receptor channels?

What is the indivisible unit of synaptic transmission?

At what membrane potential do excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur?

What type of flow results in inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

What is the process called where vesicle membrane fuses with presynaptic membrane for release of neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft?

Which neurotransmitter is synthetized by enzymes at nerve terminals and transported to empty vesicles at nerve terminals?

What determines the polarity of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

At what membrane potential do inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) occur?

What is the fundamental difference between electrical and chemical synapses?

If a postsynaptic potential (PSP) reaches the threshold to generate action potentials, which type of synapse is most likely involved?

What determines the amplitude of a postsynaptic potential (PSP) in electrical synapses?

Which type of synapse allows many postsynaptic potentials to summate to reach the threshold to generate action potentials?

What is the main feature of an electrical synapse?

In chemical synapses, what is the function of axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, axo-axonic, and dendro-dendritic synapses?

What is the role of connexons in electrical synapses?

What determines the amplitude of a postsynaptic potential (PSP) in chemical synapses?

Which type of synapse involves gap junctions and allows for ion flow between connected cells' cytoplasms?

If a synaptic integration leads to reaching the threshold to generate action potentials, which type of synapse is most likely involved?

What type of synapse allows for bidirectional transmission and rapid transmission?

What determines the amplitude of a postsynaptic potential (PSP) in electrical synapses?

What is the main function of connexons in electrical synapses?

What are the four types of axo- synapses in chemical synapses?

What determines the amplitude of a postsynaptic potential (PSP) in chemical synapses?

What is the role of ion flow at the postsynaptic membrane in chemical synapses?

What is the function of gap junctions in electrical synapses?

What determines the polarity of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

What determines the polarity of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

What type of synapse involves the formation of gap junctions and allows for the electrical coupling of cells?

What is the equation for the reversal potential (Erev) for glutamatergic synapses?

What is the value of the reversal potential (ERev) for glutamatergic synapses?

What is the equation for the ionic current through each receptor channel at ionotropic receptors?

What determines the polarity of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) at any synapse?

What determines the amplitude of a postsynaptic potential (PSP) in electrical synapses?

What could cause a glutamatergic synapse to produce an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

At what membrane potential could a GABAergic synapse produce an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

What is the role of connexons in electrical synapses?

What are the postsynaptic currents a sum of at ionotropic receptors?

What is the main feature of an electrical synapse?

What is the size of a quantum at the synapse where 10 spontaneous mini EPSPs recorded are 5 mV, 10 mV, 2.5 mV, 5 mV, 2.5 mV, 2.5 mV, 2.5 mV, 7.5 mV, 5 mV, 2.5 mV?

Is the size of a quantum determined at this synapse applicable to all synapses?

What is the process that activates exocytosis of synaptic vesicles for neurotransmitter release?

What is the primary mechanism for the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

What is the indivisible unit of synaptic transmission?

How is the amount of synaptic current (Isyn) at ionotropic receptor channels determined?

What is the value of the quantum for a synapse if 10 spontaneous mini EPSPs recorded are 8 mV, 16 mV, 4 mV, 8 mV, 4 mV, 4 mV, 4 mV, 12 mV, 8 mV, 4 mV?

What is the process by which synaptic vesicles release their content called?

What is the primary mechanism for neurotransmitter release, which is activated by the change in intracellular calcium concentration?

What determines the amplitude of each mini EPSP in the context of the quantal hypothesis?

What is the process by which vesicle membrane fuses with the presynaptic membrane for the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

What is the primary factor that determines the amount of synaptic current (Isyn) at ionotropic receptor channels?