Synaptic transmission

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What is the minimum time required for transmission across the synapse?

2.0 ms

0.1 ms

0.5 ms (correct)

1.0 ms

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily used at the neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine (correct)

Dopamine

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with executive functions, motivation, and motor control?

Dopamine (correct)

Epinephrine

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

What type of receptors does Acetylcholine bind to at the neuromuscular junction?

Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with norepinephrine?

Motor control Signup and view all the answers

What causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane?

Calcium ions enter the presynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the first event to occur in the sequence of synaptic transmission?

Action potential arriving at the presynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is mentioned in the synaptic transmission process?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What event follows the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic neuron?

Voltage-gated calcium channels open Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of acetylcholine once it is released into the synaptic cleft?

It is converted into inactive form by enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of synaptic transmission?

Neurotransmitters are secreted into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What role does the postsynaptic neuron play during synaptic transmission?

It responds by changing its electrical state Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the entry of calcium ions into the presynaptic terminal?

Action potential reaching the terminal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?

To bind to receptor molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of sodium ions diffusing into the postsynaptic membrane?

Depolarization and action potential Signup and view all the answers

What role does acetylcholinesterase play in synaptic transmission?

Breaks down acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are used to reform acetylcholine in the synaptic vesicle?

Choline and Acetyl Co A Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after acetylcholine binds to the receptor molecule?

Sodium channels open in the postsynaptic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the components of acetylcholine after it is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?

They are reused to reform acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is true regarding synaptic transmission?

Depolarization leads to an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the binding of acetylcholine to receptors have on the postsynaptic cell?

It promotes the opening of sodium channels Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs)?

They can summate to produce an action potential if strong enough. Signup and view all the answers

How does spatial summation differ from temporal summation?

Spatial summation involves multiple presynaptic inputs arriving simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during synaptic fatigue?

A decrease in neuronal firing rate due to repeated stimulation. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does alkalosis have on neuronal activity?

It increases neuronal excitability, possibly causing seizures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs)?

They result in hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of synaptic delay?

Potential disruption of signal transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What role does facilitation play in neuronal firing?

It allows for rapid responses when neurons are near the threshold. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause the exhaustion of neurotransmitters leading to synaptic fatigue?

Rapid sequential stimulation at high rates. Signup and view all the answers

How do EPSPs influence the likelihood of an action potential occurring?

The strength of EPSPs must be sufficient to reach the firing threshold. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hypoxia have on synaptic transmission?

It leads to decreased neuronal activity and can impair function. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic neuron?

They increase the release of neurotransmitters with more openings. Signup and view all the answers

Which types of synapses involve the axon of one neuron connecting to the soma of another?

Axosomatic Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of metabotropic receptor activation?

It involves the activation of a 'second messenger'. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chemical synapses from electrical synapses?

Chemical synapses involve neurotransmitter release. Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical type of synapse involves dendrites connecting directly to other dendrites?

Dendrodendritic Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major functional types of synapses?

Chemical and electrical Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the presynaptic terminals?

Binding proteins Signup and view all the answers

What role do second messengers play in the postsynaptic neuron?

They are required for prolonged changes in the neuron. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes ionotropic receptor activation?

It causes direct gating of ion channels. Signup and view all the answers

What does the synaptic cleft separate in a chemical synapse?

The presynaptic terminal from the postsynaptic neuron Signup and view all the answers