Module 2 - The Scientific Method: Correlation vs Causation

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What is a key takeaway regarding correlation and causation from the text?

Not all correlations imply causation.

Why was the Chinese study on spicy food and longer lives deemed to have a spurious correlation?

There was a hidden third variable influencing the results.

What is the significance of the Monopoly Experiment in relation to income and behavior?

It showed a correlation between income and behavior.

In the context of the text, what could be a potential misconception about correlations?

<p>All correlations are equally robust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could influence one's behavior in the Experimental Monopoly study?

<p>Being in a privileged position</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text imply wealth might affect behavior in the context of Monopoly?

<p>Wealth influences perception of self and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to exhibit signs of dominance and celebration while playing Monopoly?

<p>Players with more starting money</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which income bracket was more likely to give money to strangers according to the text?

<p>15-25k USD per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is more likely to cheat in a game with a $50 prize?

<p>Wealthier individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is more likely to take candy reserved for children in a developmental lab?

<p>Those who feel rich</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is less likely to stop for pedestrians while driving expensive cars?

<p>Owners of expensive cars</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of expensive cars broke pedestrian laws by not stopping for pedestrians?

<p>~50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key motivator for people to change according to the text?

<p>Fear of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might military leaders sometimes struggle in business roles?

<p>Punishment of innovation in the military</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common issue with problematic personality types during hiring processes?

<p>Their negative traits are masked during interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is described as 'useless' in the context of leadership according to the text?

<p>High emotional intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a fundamental goal of leadership in contributing to the survival of the entire species?

<p>Getting people to work for the common good</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should managers prioritize for increased effectiveness according to the text?

<p>The common good over personal benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of leadership training programs according to the text?

<p>Strengthening moral habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which habit involves immediately sensing what other people are feeling, according to the text?

<p>Empathy habit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hogan describe as the 'Fundamental Goal' of leadership?

<p>Effective team management</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor in hiring competent individuals over charismatic ones?

<p>Domain expertise</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in the academic belief about 'personality' in leadership from the 60's to 2010's?

<p>'Personality' was viewed as situational in the 60's but gained importance by 2010's</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as the distinguishing factor between politicians and leaders in the text?

<p>Data-driven decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes virtuoso CEOs from low-character CEOs based on the text?

<p>'Others first' habit vs. 'Me first' mentality</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Character must be the core focus of leadership training programs" - What does this statement imply according to the text?

<p>'Character' plays a crucial role in effective leadership development</p> Signup and view all the answers

"70% of managers should not be in their positions" - What is suggested as the reason for this according to the text?

<p>'Networking and politicking' outweigh talent-based promotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What experimental evidence suggests that power leads to a lack of empathy?

<p>Showing photos of relatively poorer people</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is quieted when people feel more powerful and less interested in others?

<p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary need suggests a connection between reduced power and reaching out to others?

<p>The need for compassion in leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior did the randomly-assigned individual in power exhibit with regards to a cookie?

<p>Took the last cookie impulsively</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quality of Abraham Lincoln helped him remain uncorrupted by power?

<p>Treating opposition with respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

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