Module 2 - The Scientific Method and Correlation vs. Causation
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Questions and Answers

What key concept is highlighted by the Chinese study on spicy food and longer lives?

  • The impact of correlation on causation (correct)
  • The significance of access to spicy food
  • The link between spicy food and Chinese culture
  • The importance of jargon in scientific studies

    • In the context of the Monopoly study and correlational studies on income, which type of study was better at demonstrating a cause-and-effect relationship?

  • Experimental Monopoly study (correct)
  • Both types equally demonstrated cause-and-effect
  • Correlational studies
  • None of the studies showed a cause-and-effect relationship

    • What is the significance of the 'third variable' in the context of the Chinese study on spicy food and long lives?

  • It shows a direct causation between spicy food and longevity
  • It emphasizes the need for better healthcare in China
  • It highlights the role of wealth and living conditions in the correlation (correct)
  • It proves that spicy food is directly linked to longer lives

    • Which aspect of correlations is discussed in relation to cigarette smoking and lung cancer?

    <p>Robust correlations backed by experimental research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Monopoly experiment, how does being a privileged player in a rigged game affect perceptions according to the text?

    <p>Results in a more selfish perception of self and others (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Paul Piff's study on money and behavior aim to investigate?

    <p>Connection between wealth and generosity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What experimental method was used to show the impact of power on empathy?

    <p>Showing photos of relatively poorer people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the empathy networks that are affected by power located?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened when individuals in a study were randomly assigned power and given access to a cookie bowl?

    <p>They hoarded the cookies for themselves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral change is observed in individuals when exposed to power?

    <p>Heightened self-focus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was cited as an example of a leader who remained uncorrupted by power?

    <p>Abraham Lincoln (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a key trait of 'good bosses' in the text?

    <p>Emotional attunement to their team (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found to be a predictor of business outcomes?

    <p>'CEO character score' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which moral principles are mentioned as key aspects of high moral character?

    <p>[Head] Integrity, Responsibility [Heart] Forgiveness, Compassion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was mentioned as having a wall filled with photos with important people?

    <p>Tom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was noted for having all employees that love working there?

    <p>Costco (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to engage in prosocial behavior according to the text?

    <p>Poor individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to cheat in a game according to the text?

    <p>Rich individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to take candy reserved for children according to the text?

    <p>Individuals who feel rich (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is less likely to stop for pedestrians according to the text?

    <p>People driving expensive cars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to lie in negotiations according to the text?

    <p>Wealthy people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may promote egalitarianism according to the text?

    <p>Reminding people of the value of cooperation and compassion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality styles attain power early but struggle to maintain it according to the text?

    <p>'Dark triad' personalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Reputational power" involves:

    <p>&quot;Doctors without borders&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Coercive Power" refers to:

    <p>Taking away liberty or life to get their way (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one conclusion drawn from the research findings discussed?

    <p>Higher wealth is associated with lower compassion and increased self-interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of character related to telling the truth all the time?

    <p>Integrity habit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT described as a moral habit of virtuoso CEOs?

    <p>Networking and politicking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of leadership training programs?

    <p>Enhancing character development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hogan describe as the 'Fundamental Goal' of leadership?

    <p>Good manager for a team (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of leadership, what differentiates politicians from leaders?

    <p>Use of ideology vs. use of data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general advice given to managers in order to avoid politics?

    <p>Promote people based on talent, not politics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do larger businesses tend to be more focused on politics according to the text?

    <p>'Too big to fail' perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as more important than salaries for employees according to the information provided?

    <p>'Empathy' habit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are new businesses and startups differentiated from larger businesses in terms of leadership importance?

    <p>'Actual Visionaries' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should organizations do to hire competent individuals over 'charismatic' ones?

    <p>Focus on domain expertise about business or industry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver for people to change?

    <p>A clear demonstration of potential failure if they don't change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between military organizations and business organizations in terms of leadership?

    <p>Military organizations prioritize obedience, while businesses value innovation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with relying solely on interviews and personality tests in the hiring process?

    <p>They can mask underlying personality disorders or problematic traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's view on the concept of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in the context of leadership?

    <p>EQ is a pseudoscientific concept with little practical value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the fundamental goal of leadership?

    <p>Getting people to work for the common good of society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the author's advice to managers on how to be more effective?

    <p>Consider the long-term success of the company over personal gains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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