42 Questions
What is the outcome when ROS engages in a chain reaction?
It can cause a lot of damage to multiple amino acids
What is the primary electron acceptor during ATP production in the mitochondria?
Oxygen
According to the mitochondrial theory of aging, what accumulates in the mitochondria over time?
ROS-induced damage
What is the result of oxidative damage to mitochondria?
Decreased cell function
What is the purpose of apoptosis?
To benefit the organism
What type of molecules absorb UV light?
Molecules with aromatic rings, double bonds, heme groups, cofactors, and coenzymes
What is the outcome when a cell's DNA is damaged?
The cell undergoes apoptosis
What is the result of signaling in apoptosis?
The process proceeds
Which type of molecules include the bases of RNA and DNA nucleotides?
Flavins and nucleotides
What is the result of UV light on proteins?
Breakdown of covalent bonds
What happens when two thymine nucleotides are exposed to UV light?
They form a cyclobutane ring
Why do individuals with jobs involving continuous sun exposure develop abnormal skin tissue?
Due to excessive DNA damage from UV light
What is the significance of glycosylated hemoglobin and Serum Albumin in diagnosing diabetes?
They are used as tie markers to diagnose diabetes
What is the result of protein aggregation?
Formation of amyloids
What is the term for the buildup of sugar molecules on proteins or lipids?
Glycation
Which of the following is a consequence of repeated exposure to UV light?
All of the above
What is the main cause of cataracts in diabetic patients?
Glycation
What is the process by which AGEs are formed?
Maillard reaction
What is the result of glucose and sorbitol accumulation in ocular tissue?
Development of diabetic cataracts
What is the enzyme involved in the polyol pathway?
Aldose reductase
What is the consequence of aggregated protein accumulation in the lens?
Clouding of the lenses
What is the reaction involved in the formation of Amadori product?
Amino-carbonyl reaction
What is the result of impaired glucose homeostasis?
Formation of cataracts
What is the name of the non-enzymatic reaction involved in protein glycation?
Maillard reaction
What is the average life expectancy among Filipino males?
68.99 years
What is the average number of infant mortality deaths per 1000 live births in the Philippines?
18.75 deaths
What is the Wear and Tear Theory of aging based on?
Accumulation of damage over time
What can react with organic biomolecules, proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to damage?
Water, ROS, and UV rays
How often are intestinal epithelial cells replaced?
Every 34 hours
What is the consequence of loss of membrane integrity due to reaction with ROS?
Apoptosis
What is the subunit of the F1, F0 ATPase mentioned in the text?
12 total
What is the type of RNA mentioned in the text related to the biochemistry of aging?
rRNA
What is the result of the binding of death ligands with death receptors?
Release of Cytochrome C
What is the function of caspases?
To digest proteins and DNA of the apoptotic cell
What is the characteristic of the mitochondrial genome?
It lacks a repair mechanism
What is the result of UV radiation on proteins?
Rupture of covalent bonds
What is formed when D-glucose reacts with an amino group?
Amadori product
What is the result of the formation of Amadori product?
Formation of AGE
What is the result of UV radiation on DNA?
Formation of thymine dimer
What is the structure formed when two thymine bases are stacked together?
Cyclobutane ring
What is the result of the reaction between UV light and organic compounds?
All of the above
What is the purpose of the electron transport system?
To generate ATP
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
