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Questions and Answers
The Marburg virus was first identified in the city of Marburg in 1967.
True
The reservoir host of the Marburg virus is the African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus.
True
There is a vaccine available for Marburg disease.
False
The average case fatality rate for Marburg virus disease is around 75%.
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Initial symptoms of Marburg disease include fever, chills, and muscle aches.
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Cobenfy has been approved by the FDA for treating schizophrenia in adults.
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Schizophrenia affects both men and women with equal likelihood.
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Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations and delusions.
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Schizophrenia generally falls into three main categories: psychotic, negative, and cognitive.
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There is a complete cure for schizophrenia available.
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Who has taken command of the International Space Station (ISS) for the second time?
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What is the role of Sunita Williams in her current mission aboard the ISS?
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What organization is Sunita Williams associated with during her mission aboard the ISS?
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How many times has Sunita Williams taken command of the ISS?
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What is Sunita Williams' heritage?
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Study Notes
Marburg Virus Disease Overview
- Outbreak reported in Rwanda with six deaths due to Marburg virus.
- Known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever, it is a severe and rare hemorrhagic fever affecting humans and non-human primates.
Virus Characteristics
- Caused by the Marburg virus, a zoonotic RNA virus unique to animals.
- Belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Ebola viruses.
- First identified in 1967 in Marburg, Germany, linked to infected green monkeys from Uganda.
Reservoir and Transmission
- Reservoir host is the African fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus).
- Can be transmitted from bats to primates, including humans.
- Spreads through direct contact with blood or body fluids of infected individuals.
Symptoms and Progression
- Initial symptoms: Fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, rash (flat and raised bumps), chest pain, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
- As disease progresses, may include liver failure, delirium, shock, hemorrhaging, multi-organ dysfunction.
Fatality Rates and Management
- Average case fatality rate is around 50%.
- Historical rates have varied from 24% to 88%, influenced by virus strain and case management.
- No specific treatment or vaccine exists for Marburg disease.
- Supportive therapy includes intravenous fluids, electrolyte replacement, supplemental oxygen, and blood products, which can enhance survival.
FDA Approval for Cobenfy
- Cobenfy, an oral medication developed by Bristol Myers Squibb, has received FDA approval for treating schizophrenia in adults.
Schizophrenia Overview
- Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder impacting thoughts, actions, emotions, perception of reality, and interpersonal relationships.
- Primarily affects young adults within the productive age demographic.
- Approximately 1 in 100 individuals will experience schizophrenia during their lifetime.
Demographics and Risk Factors
- Men are twice as likely to develop schizophrenia compared to women.
Symptom Categories
- Symptoms are generally categorized into three main types:
-
Psychotic Symptoms:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Thought disorders
- Movement disorders
-
Negative Symptoms:
- Loss of motivation
- Loss of interest or enjoyment in daily activities
- Social withdrawal
- Difficulty in displaying emotions
- Impaired normal functioning
-
Cognitive Symptoms:
- Problems with attention, concentration, and memory.
-
Psychotic Symptoms:
Treatment Considerations
- Although there is no cure for schizophrenia, various antipsychotic medications can effectively reduce acute psychotic symptoms.
Sunita Williams' Command of the ISS
- Sunita Williams is an astronaut for NASA with Indian heritage.
- She has taken command of the International Space Station (ISS) officially.
- This mission aboard the ISS marks her second time in command of the station.
- The ISS serves as a unique laboratory for scientific research in low Earth orbit.
- Williams' leadership continues to advance international collaboration in space exploration.
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Description
Explore the details of Marburg Virus Disease, a severe and rare hemorrhagic fever. Learn about its symptoms, transmission, and relation to other viruses like Ebola. This quiz will help you understand the impact of the outbreak in Rwanda and the nature of this zoonotic disease.
