16 Questions
What is the main role of macrophages in host defense?
Ingest and destroy microbes, clear dead tissues, and produce cytokines
How do NK cells respond differently to virally infected cells than to macrophages with internalized microbes?
Directly kill infected cells and collaborate with macrophages to enhance antimicrobial activity
What is the specific role of NK cells in eliminating reservoirs of infection?
Recognize infected and stressed cells and respond by killing these cells
What is the consequence of NK cells responding to interleukin-12 (IL-12) produced by macrophages?
Activation of the macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
What is the effect of cell surface complement receptors on macrophages?
Promote the phagocytosis of complement-coated microbes
What is the primary function of cytokines produced by macrophages?
Mediate inflammatory and microbicidal functions
What is the role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) released by activated NK cells?
Activating macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
What triggers the alternative pathway of complement activation?
Complement proteins on microbial surfaces
Which cells primarily produce Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)?
Macrophages and T cells
What is the main effect of Chemokines on leukocytes?
Increasing integrin affinity and promoting chemotaxis
What is the difference between the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation?
Classical pathway is triggered by antibodies, while alternative pathway is triggered by complement proteins on microbial surfaces
What is the primary cellular target of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)?
Endothelial cells
How are Chemokines different from Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)?
TNF stimulates apoptosis, whereas Chemokines promote chemotaxis in leukocytes
What activates the lectin pathway of complement activation?
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binding to carbohydrate ligands on microbes
What is the main effect of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreted by activated NK cells?
Activating macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes
How do cytokines secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells affect NK cells?
Enhance NK cells' ability to protect against infections
Test your knowledge about the activation of macrophages in innate immune responses and their role in host defense. Learn about the production of proteins, inflammatory functions, phagocytosis, and tissue repair processes.
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