30 Questions
What is the main function of the mechanical factor, intact skin?
To regulate body temperature and excrete wastes
What is the primary purpose of the chemical factor, sebum?
To inhibit microbial growth by breaking down into free fatty acids
What is an example of a fluid flow mechanical factor?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Forming blood cells
What is the primary function of the mucous membrane?
To inhibit the entrance of microorganisms
What is the main protein produced by the epidermis?
Keratin
What is the result of vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels?
Increased blood flow to the damaged area, causing redness and heat
What is the primary mechanism by which complement proteins destroy microbes?
Cytolysis
What is the main difference between a chronic and acute inflammatory response?
Duration of the response
What is the term for the increase in body temperature in response to infection?
Fever
What is the function of the C1q subunit in the classical pathway of the complement system?
Bind to the Fc regions of antibodies
What is a potential complication of fever?
Mild to severe dehydration
What characterizes the primary response to an antigen?
Concentration of antigen in lymphoid tissue and processing by B lymphocytes
What is the role of Helper T Cells in the immune response?
To activate immune cells and have no cytotoxic or phagocytic activity
What is the function of Cytotoxic T Cells?
To kill target cells such as cancer cells and infected cells
What is the main difference between T cells and B cells?
T cells require MHC recognition, while B cells do not
What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?
To enable a rapid response to previously exposed antigens
What is the main characteristic of cell-mediated immunity (CMI)?
Involves the activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines
What is the primary function of lysozyme in the body?
To break down the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria
What is the role of transferrins in the body's defense against pathogens?
To inhibit bacterial growth by reducing iron levels
What is the primary function of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease?
To prevent the overgrowth of pathogens by competing with them for nutrients
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis?
Granulocytes
What is the name of the process by which a cell ingests a microorganism or other particles?
Phagocytosis
What is the normal range of leukocytes in the blood?
5,000-10,000 per microliter
What is the primary function of Suppressor T Cells?
To inhibit or stop an immune response
What is the term for a condition characterized by a specific immune response against the body's own tissues?
Autoimmune
What is the result of Immunodeficiency disorders?
Frequent infections
What is the primary characteristic of Type I Hypersensitivity?
An allergic reaction provoked by re-exposure to a specific allergen
What is the term for the study of the malfunction of the immune system?
Immunopathology
What is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity?
A blood transfusion reaction due to incompatible blood types
Test your knowledge about the innate immune system, its layered defenses, and how it responds to pathogens and antigens. Learn about the non-specific response and its differences with the adaptive immune response.
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