Immune System: Innate Immune Responses Chapter 7

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What is the main function of the mechanical factor, intact skin?

To inhibit microbial growth

To produce sebum

To produce mucus

To regulate body temperature and excrete wastes (correct)

What is the primary purpose of the chemical factor, sebum?

To regulate body temperature

To prevent water loss from the skin

To produce mucus

To inhibit microbial growth by breaking down into free fatty acids (correct)

What is an example of a fluid flow mechanical factor?

Sweat

Tears

All of the above (correct)

Vomiting

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Forming blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mucous membrane?

To inhibit the entrance of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main protein produced by the epidermis?

Keratin Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels?

Increased blood flow to the damaged area, causing redness and heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which complement proteins destroy microbes?

Cytolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a chronic and acute inflammatory response?

Duration of the response Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in body temperature in response to infection?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the C1q subunit in the classical pathway of the complement system?

Bind to the Fc regions of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of fever?

Mild to severe dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the primary response to an antigen?

Concentration of antigen in lymphoid tissue and processing by B lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Helper T Cells in the immune response?

To activate immune cells and have no cytotoxic or phagocytic activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Cytotoxic T Cells?

To kill target cells such as cancer cells and infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T cells and B cells?

T cells require MHC recognition, while B cells do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

To enable a rapid response to previously exposed antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cell-mediated immunity (CMI)?

Involves the activation of phagocytes, natural killer cells, and cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysozyme in the body?

To break down the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transferrins in the body's defense against pathogens?

To inhibit bacterial growth by reducing iron levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease?

To prevent the overgrowth of pathogens by competing with them for nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is responsible for phagocytosis?

Granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which a cell ingests a microorganism or other particles?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of leukocytes in the blood?

5,000-10,000 per microliter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Suppressor T Cells?

To inhibit or stop an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition characterized by a specific immune response against the body's own tissues?

Autoimmune Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Immunodeficiency disorders?

Frequent infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Type I Hypersensitivity?

An allergic reaction provoked by re-exposure to a specific allergen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the malfunction of the immune system?

Immunopathology Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of Type II Hypersensitivity?

A blood transfusion reaction due to incompatible blood types Signup and view all the answers