Lifespan Development AP1023 Lecture Quiz

A strong emotional bond that develops between children and their primary caregivers. This bond fosters security and helps children explore their world.

Attachment serves as a protective and adaptive mechanism for children, ensuring their survival and well-being.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment behaviour is a near-universal feature of human babies – but also offspring of many other mammalian and bird species. Any behaviour that is near-universal within a given species is likely to have evolved through natural selection, as it enhances fitness. Fitness = probability of an organism passing on its genes to the next generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child's innate personality type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidance and anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The working model of attachment is a cognitive framework that shapes our expectations and beliefs about relationships throughout our lives. These models are formed early in childhood based on our experiences with caregivers and continue to be shaped by later experiences in our relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main forces that shape socialization (adopting cultural norms and behaviors) and individualization (acquiring uniqueness) are social environment forces (early and later parenting, sibling relationships, peer influence) and biological forces (genetic makeup).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Maccoby and Martin model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The core problem is the rise of fear-based parenting techniques. These include helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, overprotective, and tiger mother parenting. It is argued that these styles are detrimental to the child's development and create an anxiety-ridden environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key takeaway is that the impact of parenting style on child development is not solely dependent on the parent's actions, but also on how the child experiences these actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral genetics is a scientific field that investigates the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in shaping human behavior. It aims to understand the interplay between genes, environment, and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive, evocative, active</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study by Caspi et al. (2002) on antisocial behavior demonstrates gene-environment interaction. It found that individuals with a low-activity form of the MAOA gene, who were also exposed to childhood maltreatment, were more likely to exhibit antisocial behavior in adulthood. This demonstrates how genetic predisposition can interact with environmental influences, shaping individual outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group socialization theory emphasizes the significance of peer influence on individual development and the limitations of parental influence in shaping personality, particularly during adolescence and beyond. It suggests that we learn more from our peers and social groups than from our parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Studies have shown that sibling relationships have a limited effect on a child's IQ, personality, and attitudes. However, they can have a greater impact on educational achievements and social behavior. The extent of this influence is also influenced by factors such as the age gap between siblings, their gender dynamics, and their shared environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers